模板 class 的部分模板特化，例如 std::function

Question

I want to create a function overload to partially specialize a template class. How to make this code work?

template <typename T>
struct Foo;

template <typename Result, typename ... Args>
struct Foo<Result(Args...)>
{
    Result Bar()
    {
        Result t;
        return t;
    }
};

template <typename ... Args>
void Foo<void(Args...)>::Bar()
{
    // do nothing;
}

Answer 1

If it's just a single member function that should expose different behavior if Result=void , then use tag-dispatching :

#include <type_traits>

template <typename T>
struct Foo;

template <typename Result, typename... Args>
struct Foo<Result(Args...)>
{
    Result Bar()
    {
        return Bar(std::is_void<Result>{});
    }

private:
    Result Bar(std::false_type)
    {
        Result t;
        // Do something
        return t;
    }  

    void Bar(std::true_type)
    {
        // Do nothing
    }
};

DEMO

Alternatively, partially-specialize the whole class:

template <typename... Args>
struct Foo<void(Args...)>
{
    void Bar()
    {
        // Do nothing
    }
};