停止 Python 容器很慢 - SIGTERM 未传递给 python 进程？

Question

I made a simple python webserver based on this example , which runs inside Docker

FROM python:3-alpine
WORKDIR /app

COPY entrypoint.sh .
RUN chmod +x entrypoint.sh

COPY src src
CMD ["python", "/app/src/api.py"]
ENTRYPOINT ["/app/entrypoint.sh"]

Entrypoint:

#!/bin/sh
echo starting entrypoint
set -x
exec "$@"

Stopping the container took very long, altough the exec statement with the JSON array syntax should pass it to the python process. I assumed a problem with SIGTERM no being passed to the container. I added the following to my api.py script to detect SIGTERM

def terminate(signal,frame):
  print("TERMINATING")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, terminate)

    webServer = HTTPServer((hostName, serverPort), MyServer)
    print("Server started http://%s:%s" % (hostName, serverPort))
    webServer.serve_forever()

Executed without Docker python3 api/src/api.py , I tried

kill -15 $(ps -guaxf | grep python | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')

to send SIGTERM ( 15 is the number code of it ). The script prints TERMINATING , so my event handler works. Now I run the Docker container using docker-compose and press CTRL + C. Docker says gracefully stopping... (press Ctrl+C again to force) but doesn't print my terminating message from the event handler.

I also tried to run docker-compose in detached mode, then run docker-compose kill -s SIGTERM api and view the logs. Still no message from the event handler.

Answer 1

Docker runs your application, per default, in foreground, so, as PID 1, this said, the process with the PID 1 as a special meaning and specific protections in Linux.

This is highlighted in docker run documentation:

Note

A process running as PID 1 inside a container is treated specially by Linux: it ignores any signal with the default action. As a result, the process will not terminate on SIGINT or SIGTERM unless it is coded to do so.

^{Source: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#foreground}

In order to fix this, you can run the container, in a single container mode, with the flag --init of docker run :

You can use the --init flag to indicate that an init process should be used as the PID 1 in the container. Specifying an init process ensures the usual responsibilities of an init system, such as reaping zombie processes, are performed inside the created container.

^{Source: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#specify-an-init-process}

The same configuration is possible in docker-compose , simply by specifying init: true on the container.

An example would be:

version: "3.8"
services:
  web:
    image: alpine:latest
    init: true

^{Source: https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#init}

Answer 2

Since the script runs as pid 1 as desired and setting init: true in docker-compose.yml doesn't seem to change anything, I took a deeper drive in this topic. This leads me figuring out multiple mistakes I did:

Logging

The approach of printing a message when SIGTERM is catched was designed as simple test case to see if this basically works before I care about stopping the server. But I noticed that no message appears for two reasons:

Output buffering

When running a long term process in python like the HTTP server (or any while True loop for example), there is no output displayed when starting the container attached with docker-compose up (no -d flag). To receive live logs, we need to start python with the -u flag or set the env variable PYTHONUNBUFFERED=TRUE .

No log piping after stop

But the main problem was not the output buffering (this is just a notice since I wonder why there was no log output from the container). When canceling the container, docker-compose stops piping logs to the console. This means that from a logical perspective it can't display anything that happens AFTER CTRL + C is pressed.

To fetch those logs, we need to wait until docker-compose has stopped the container and run docker-compose logs . It will print all, including those generated after CTRL + C is pressed. Using docker-compose logs I found out that SIGTERM is passed to the container and my event handler works.

Stopping the webserver

With those knowledge I tried to stop the webserver instance. First this doesn't work because it's not enough to just call webServer.server_close() . Its required to exit explicitely after any cleanup work is done like this:

def terminate(signal,frame):
  print("Start Terminating: %s" % datetime.now())
  webServer.server_close()
  sys.exit(0)

When sys.exit() is not called, the process keeps running which results in ~10s waiting time before Docker kills it.

Full working example

Here a demo script that implement everything I've learned:

from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import signal
from datetime import datetime
import sys, os

hostName = "0.0.0.0"
serverPort = 80

class MyServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
  def do_GET(self):
    self.send_response(200)
    self.send_header("Content-Type", "text/html")
    self.end_headers()
    self.wfile.write(bytes("Hello from Python Webserver", "utf-8"))

webServer = None

def terminate(signal,frame):
  print("Start Terminating: %s" % datetime.now())
  webServer.server_close()
  sys.exit(0)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, terminate)

    webServer = HTTPServer((hostName, serverPort), MyServer)
    print("Server started http://%s:%s with pid %i" % ("0.0.0.0", 80, os.getpid()))
    webServer.serve_forever()

Running in a container, it could be stopped very fast without waiting for Docker to kill the process:

$ docker-compose up --build -d
$ time docker-compose down
Stopping python-test_app_1 ... done
Removing python-test_app_1 ... done
Removing network python-test_default

real    0m1,063s
user    0m0,424s
sys     0m0,077s