用列表理解测试素数

Question

I am trying to test if a number is a prime number using list comprehension. This is what?I have done, but not getting the desired results.

number = 20
prime_number_test = [1 if number % i != 0 else 0 for i in range(2, 5)]
output = [0,1,0]

number 20 obviously isn't a prime number. Now if I have a known prime number to test like let say number 19

number = 19
prime_number_test = [1 if number % i != 0 else 0 for i in range(2, 5)]
output = [1,1,1]

Now my question is, why is the first code not all zeros, and what is the best way to achieve this using a list comprehension that my results tells me this is a prime number

Answer 1

the above code show [0,1,0] because 20 is not divisible by 3 but is divisible by 2 and 4. 19 is not divisible by 2,3 or 4 so it has the output [1,1,1] You can say that if there are 0 in output then the number is not prime.

you can use the following program to find primes.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))  
  
if num > 1:  
   for i in range(2,num):  
       if (num % i) == 0:  
           print(num,"is not a prime number")  
           print(i,"times",num//i,"is",num)  
           break  
   else:  
       print(num,"is a prime number")  
         
else:  
   print(num,"is not a prime number")  

Answer 2

Your comprehension would give you a list of values, and you can use the any function. For example, here a list of True or False values is obtained:

number = 20
upper_limit = int(number ** 0.5)  # square root
prime_number_test = not any([number % i == 0 for i in range(2, 1 + upper_limit)])
print(prime_number_test)

The list returned by your comprehension is:

[True, False, True]

corresponding to division by 2, 3, and 4.

Then the any returns True , which the not then negates: 20 is not a prime number because it is divisible by 2 and 4.

Here you could also invert the test and do:

prime_number_test = all([number % i != 0 for i in range(2, 1 + upper_limit)])

Note the != and the all .

However, in either case, it is more efficient (in time and memory) if you replace the square brackets with parentheses:

prime_number_test = not any((number % i == 0 for i in range(2, 1 + upper_limit)))

This similar looking expression uses a generator , and instead of building up a list it will generate values on demand and the any will cause it to iterate as required and stop when the first match is found.

(When using the generator as the sole argument of a function, as here, it is also permissible to omit the outer parentheses.)