获取 Linux 目录中的最新文件

Question

Looking for a command that will return the single most recent file in a directory.

Not seeing a limit parameter to ls ...

Answer 1

ls -Art | tail -n 1

不是很优雅，但它有效。

Answer 2

ls -t | head -n1

该命令实际上给出了当前工作目录中最新修改的文​​件。

Answer 3

This is a recursive version (ie it finds the most recently updated file in a certain directory or any of its subdirectory)

find $DIR -type f -printf "%T@ %p\n" | sort -n | cut -d' ' -f 2- | tail -n 1

Edit: use -f 2- instead of -f 2 as suggested by Kevin

Answer 4

A note about reliability:

Since the newline character is as valid as any in a file name, any solution that relies on lines like the head / tail based ones are flawed.

With GNU ls , another option is to use the --quoting-style=shell-always option and a bash array:

eval "files=($(ls -t --quoting-style=shell-always))"
((${#files[@]} > 0)) && printf '%s\n' "${files[0]}"

(add the -A option to ls if you also want to consider hidden files).

If you want to limit to regular files (disregard directories, fifos, devices, symlinks, sockets...), you'd need to resort to GNU find .

With bash 4.4 or newer (for readarray -d ) and GNU coreutils 8.25 or newer (for cut -z ):

readarray -t -d '' files < <(
  LC_ALL=C find . -maxdepth 1 -type f ! -name '.*' -printf '%T@/%f\0' |
  sort -rzn | cut -zd/ -f2)

((${#files[@]} > 0)) && printf '%s\n' "${files[0]}"

Or recursively:

readarray -t -d '' files < <(
  LC_ALL=C find . -name . -o -name '.*' -prune -o -type f -printf '%T@%p\0' |
  sort -rzn | cut -zd/ -f2-)

Best here would be to use zsh and its glob qualifiers instead of bash to avoid all this hassle:

Newest regular file in the current directory:

printf '%s\n' *(.om[1])

Including hidden ones:

printf '%s\n' *(D.om[1])

Second newest:

printf '%s\n' *(.om[2])

Check file age after symlink resolution:

printf '%s\n' *(-.om[1])

Recursively:

printf '%s\n' **/*(.om[1])

Also, with the completion system ( compinit and co) enabled, Ctrl+X m becomes a completer that expands to the newest file.

So:

vi Ctrl+Xm

Would make you edit the newest file (you also get a chance to see which it before you press Return ).

vi Alt+2Ctrl+Xm

For the second-newest file.

vi *.cCtrl+Xm

for the newest c file.

vi *(.)Ctrl+Xm

for the newest regular file (not directory, nor fifo/device...), and so on.

Answer 5

I use:

ls -ABrt1 --group-directories-first | tail -n1

It gives me just the file name, excluding folders.

Answer 6

ls -lAtr | tail -1

The other solutions do not include files that start with '.' .

This command will also include '.' and '..' , which may or may not be what you want:

ls -latr | tail -1

Answer 7

The find / sort solution works great until the number of files gets really large (like an entire file system). Use awk instead to just keep track of the most recent file:

find $DIR -type f -printf "%T@ %p\n" | 
awk '
BEGIN { recent = 0; file = "" }
{
if ($1 > recent)
   {
   recent = $1;
   file = $0;
   }
}
END { print file; }' |
sed 's/^[0-9]*\.[0-9]* //'

Answer 8

基于 dmckee 的回答的短路变体：

ls -t | head -1

Answer 9

我喜欢echo *(om[1]) （ zsh语法），因为zsh给出文件名而不调用任何其他命令。

Answer 10

If you want to get the most recent changed file also including any subdirectories you can do it with this little oneliner:

find . -type f -exec stat -c '%Y %n' {} \; | sort -nr | awk -v var="1" 'NR==1,NR==var {print $0}' | while read t f; do d=$(date -d @$t "+%b %d %T %Y"); echo "$d -- $f"; done

If you want to do the same not for changed files, but for accessed files you simple have to change the

%Y parameter from the stat command to %X . And your command for most recent accessed files looks like this:

find . -type f -exec stat -c '%X %n' {} \; | sort -nr | awk -v var="1" 'NR==1,NR==var {print $0}' | while read t f; do d=$(date -d @$t "+%b %d %T %Y"); echo "$d -- $f"; done

For both commands you also can change the var="1" parameter if you want to list more than just one file.

Answer 11

I personally prefer to use as few not built-in bash commands as I can (to reduce the number of expensive fork and exec syscalls). To sort by date the ls needed to be called. But using of head is not really necessary. I use the following one-liner (works only on systems supporting name pipes):

read newest < <(ls -t *.log)

or to get the name of the oldest file

read oldest < <(ls -rt *.log)

(Mind the space between the two '<' marks!)

If the hidden files are also needed -A arg could be added.

I hope this could help.

Answer 12

使用 R 递归选项 .. 您可以将其视为此处的好答案的增强

ls -arRtlh | tail -50

Answer 13

With only Bash builtins, closely following BashFAQ/003 :

shopt -s nullglob

for f in * .*; do
    [[ -d $f ]] && continue
    [[ $f -nt $latest ]] && latest=$f
done

printf '%s\n' "$latest"

Answer 14

try this simple command

ls -ltq  <path>  | head -n 1

If you want file name - last modified, path = /ab/cd/*.log

If you want directory name - last modified, path = /ab/cd/*/

Answer 15

ls -t -1 | sed '1q'

Will show the last modified item in the folder. Pair with grep to find latest entries with keywords

ls -t -1 | grep foo | sed '1q'

Answer 16

递归地：

find $1 -type f -exec stat --format '%Y :%y %n' "{}" \; | sort -nr | cut -d: -f2- | head

Answer 17

Presuming you don't care about hidden files that start with a .

ls -rt | tail -n 1

Otherwise

ls -Art | tail -n 1

Answer 18

ls -Frt | grep "[^/]$" | tail -n 1

Answer 19

All those ls/tail solutions work perfectly fine for files in a directory - ignoring subdirectories.

In order to include all files in your search (recursively), find can be used. gioele suggested sorting the formatted find output. But be careful with whitespaces (his suggestion doesn't work with whitespaces).

This should work with all file names:

find $DIR -type f -printf "%T@ %p\n" | sort -n | sed -r 's/^[0-9.]+\s+//' | tail -n 1 | xargs -I{} ls -l "{}"

This sorts by mtime, see man find:

%Ak    File's  last  access  time in the format specified by k, which is either `@' or a directive for the C `strftime' function.  The possible values for k are listed below; some of them might not be available on all systems, due to differences in `strftime' between systems.
       @      seconds since Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT, with fractional part.
%Ck    File's last status change time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.
%Tk    File's last modification time in the format specified by k, which is the same as for %A.

So just replace %T with %C to sort by ctime.

Answer 20

根据模式查找每个目录中的最新文件，例如工作目录的子目录名称以“tmp”结尾（不区分大小写）：

find . -iname \*tmp -type d -exec sh -c "ls -lArt {} | tail -n 1" \;

Answer 21

Find the file with prefix of shravan* and view

less $(ls -Art shravan* | tail -n 1)

Answer 22

If you want to find the last modified folder name within /apps/test directory then you can put below code snippet in a batch script and execute it which will print the name of the last modified folder name.

#!/bin/bash -e

export latestModifiedFolderName=$(ls -td /apps/test/*/ | head -n1)

echo Latest modified folder within /apps/test directory is $latestModifiedFolderName

Answer 23

I needed to do it too, and I found these commands. these work for me:

If you want last file by its date of creation in folder(access time) :

ls -Aru | tail -n 1  

And if you want last file that has changes in its content (modify time) :

ls -Art | tail -n 1