[英]Plurality, cs 50, Why printf function prints differently outside if statement?
I know it is not correct implementation for print_winner function (printf should be inside the if statment).我知道 print_winner function 的实现不正确(printf 应该在 if 语句中)。 However, I cannot figure out why printf prints names differently when placed outside if-statement?
但是,我无法弄清楚为什么 printf 在放置在 if 语句之外时会以不同的方式打印名称?
If I place printf outside if statement, here is the code and output如果我将 printf 放在 if 语句之外,这里是代码和 output
Code:代码:
// Print the winner (or winners) of the election
void print_winner(void)
{
int maximum = candidates[0].votes;
string winner = candidates[0].name;
for (int h = 0; h < candidate_count; h++)
{
if (candidates[h].votes > maximum)
{
maximum = candidates[h].votes;
}
}
for (int k = 0; k < candidate_count; k++)
{
if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
{
winner = candidates[k].name;
}
printf("%s\n", winner);
Output: Output:
~/pset3/plurality/ $ ./test sonya criss ben anbu
Number of voters: 4
Vote: ben
Vote: ben
Vote: anbu
Vote: anbu
sonya
sonya
ben
anbu
If I put printf inside if statement, here is the code and output:如果我将 printf 放在 if 语句中,这里是代码和 output:
Code:代码:
// Print the winner (or winners) of the election
void print_winner(void)
{
int maximum = candidates[0].votes;
string winner = candidates[0].name;
//Find maximum votes
for (int h = 0; h < candidate_count; h++)
{
if (candidates[h].votes > maximum)
{
maximum = candidates[h].votes;
winner = candidates[h].name;
}
}
//Find candidate with maximum votes
for (int k = 0; k < candidate_count; k++)
{
if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
{
winner = candidates[k].name;
printf("%s\n", winner);
}
}
return;
}
Output: Output:
~/pset3/plurality/ $ ./plurality sonya criss ben anbu
Number of voters: 4
Vote: ben
Vote: ben
Vote: anbu
Vote: anbu
ben
anbu
in your first case the winner name you print is candidates[0].name
which is sonia until if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
become true and you reassign winner , and you print candidate_count times because unconditionally in the loop.在您的第一种情况下,您打印的获胜者名称是 Candidate
candidates[0].name
,它是sonia ,直到if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
变为 true 并且您重新分配了获胜者,并且您打印了 Candidate_count 次,因为无条件地在循环中。
In the second case you only print the name of the person whose votes number equals the maximum ( if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
is true), so only ben and anbu having both 2 votes being the maximum.在第二种情况下,您只打印投票数等于最大值的人的姓名(
if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
为真),因此只有同时获得 2 票的ben和anbu 才是最大值。
Because several persons can have the same number of votes it is useless to have the variable winner , you can do因为几个人可以拥有相同的票数,所以拥有可变的获胜者是没有用的,你可以这样做
// Print the winner (or winners) of the election
void print_winner(void)
{
int maximum = candidates[0].votes; /* suppose candidate_count > 0, else initialize with -1 */
//Find maximum votes
for (int h = 1; h < candidate_count; h++) /* useless to redo at index 0 */
{
if (candidates[h].votes > maximum)
maximum = candidates[h].votes;
}
//Find candidate(s) with maximum votes
for (int k = 0; k < candidate_count; k++)
{
if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
puts(candidates[k].name);
}
}
From your remark从你的言论
Could you elaborate why in the first case winner name is printed
candidates[0].name
untilif (candidates[k].votes
becomes true您能否详细说明为什么在第一种情况下,在
if (candidates[k].votes
变为 true 之前,会打印出获胜者的名字 Candidatecandidates[0].name
because you initialize winner with candidates[0].name;
因为你用
candidates[0].name;
初始化了获胜者; doing:正在做:
string winner = candidates[0].name;
字符串获胜者=候选人[0].name;
and you modify winner only when if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
is true:并且仅当
if (candidates[k].votes == maximum)
为真时才修改获胜者:
if (candidates[k].votes == maximum) { winner = candidates[k].name;
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