使用 AND NOT CONTAINS (mysql 5.7) 查询 mysql json 列数组

Question

I have a table with a json column that contains an array of objects, like the following:

create table test_json (json_id int not null primary key, json_data json not null) select 1 as json_id, '[{"category":"circle"},{"category":"square", "qualifier":"def"}]' as json_data union select 2 as json_id, '[{"category":"triangle", "qualifier":"xyz"},{"category":"square"}]' as json_data;

+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| json_id | json_data                                                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1       | [{"category":"circle"},   {"category":"square", "qualifier":"def"}]                    |
| 2       | [{"category":"triangle", "qualifier":"xyz"}, {"category":"square"}]                    |
+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

I'd like to be able to query this table to look for any rows ( json_id 's) that contain a json object in the array with both a "category" value of "square" and no "qualifier" property.

The sample table above is just a sample and I'm looking for a query that would work over hundreds of rows and hundreds of objects in the json array.

Answer 1

In MySQL 8.0, you would use JSON_TABLE() for this:

mysql> select json_id, j.* from test_json, json_table(json_data, '$[*]' columns (
    category varchar(20) path '$.category',
    qualifier varchar(10) path '$.qualifier')) as j 
  where j.category = 'square' and j.qualifier is null;
+---------+----------+-----------+
| json_id | category | qualifier |
+---------+----------+-----------+
|       2 | square   | NULL      |
+---------+----------+-----------+

It's not clear why you would use JSON for this at all. It would be better to store the data in the normal manner, one row per object, with category and qualifier as individual columns.

A query against normal columns is a lot simpler to write, and you can optimize the query easily with an index:

select * from mytable where category = 'square' and qualifier is null;

---

I found another solution using only MySQL 5.7 JSON functions:

select json_id, json_data from test_json 
where json_extract(json_data,
  concat(
    trim(trailing '.category' from 
      json_unquote(json_search(json_data, 'one', 'square'))
    ),
  '.qualifier')
) is null

This assumes the value 'square' only occurs as a value for a "category" field. This is true in your simple example, but I don't know if it will be true in your real data.

Result:

+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| json_id | json_data                                                              |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       2 | [{"category": "triangle", "qualifier": "xyz"}, {"category": "square"}] |
+---------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

I still think that it's a CodeSmell anytime you reference JSON columns in a condition in the WHERE clause. I understood your comment that this is a simplified example, but regardless of the JSON structure, if you need to do search conditions, your queries will be far easier to develop if your data is stored in conventional columns in normalized tables.

Answer 2

Your request is not clear. Both of your SQL records has not such properties but your JSON object has. Maybe you try to find any record that has such object. So the following is your answer:

create table test_json (json_id int not null primary key, json_data json not null) select 1 as json_id, '[{"category":"circle", "qualifier":"abc"},{"category":"square", "qualifier":"def"}]' as json_data union select 2 as json_id, '[{"category":"triangle", "qualifier":"xyz"},{"category":"square"}]' as json_data;
select * from test_json;
select * from test_json where 'square' in (JSON_EXTRACT(json_data, '$[0].category'),JSON_EXTRACT(json_data, '$[1].category'))
AND (JSON_EXTRACT(json_data, '$[0].qualifier') is NULL || JSON_EXTRACT(json_data, '$[1].qualifier') is NULL);

See Online Demo

Also see JSON Function Reference