尽管在 React 中更新了 state，方法仍未获得正确的 useState 值

Question

I am working on a site where I am trying to display paginated student information. For example I have 12 students I have pagination items 1-4 as I display 3 students at a time.

I am running into a problem when I call my update pagination function. The counter in this method is always 0 despite me incrementing it correctly. Any ideas or pointers would be greatly appreciated.

import React, {useState, useEffect} from 'react';

function App() {
  let students = [
    {'name': 'Harry'},
    {'name': 'Hermoine'},
    {'name': 'Ron'},
    {'name': 'Ginny'},
    {'name': 'Snape'},
    {'name': 'Bellatrix'},
    {'name': 'Albus'},
    {'name': 'Dudley'},
    {'name': 'Petunia'},
    {'name': 'Hagrid'},
    {'name': 'Lee'},
    {'name': 'James'}
  ];

 let [loaded, setLoaded] = useState(false);
 let [pagination, setPagination] = useState([]);
 let [limit, setLimit] = useState(3); // how many students are visible at a time
 let [pages, setPages] = useState(Math.round(students.length/limit)); // amount of pages based on total students
 let [currentPage, setCurrentPage] = useState(1); // the current page
 let [pageCount, setPageCount] = useState(0); // counter used to increment/decrement pages in view

function updatePagination() {
 let tmpArray = [];

 for(let i = pageCount; i < pages; i ++){
  tmpArray.push(i+1);
 }

 // 1-3, 4-6 etc...
 setPagination(tmpArray.slice(pageCount, pageCount + limit)); // this pageCount is always 0 despite me setting it on handleNext method
}

function handleNext(){
 setCurrentPage(currentPage + 1);

 if(pageCount + limit === currentPage){
  if(currentPage <= pages){
    setPageCount(pageCount + limit);
  }
 }

 updatePagination();
}

useEffect(() => {
 updatePagination();
 setLoaded(true);
}, []);

return (
 <main className={styles.app}>
  <div className={styles.student}>
    <h1>Three student cards</h1>
  </div>

  <ol className={styles.pagination}>
    <div className={styles.paginationContainer}>
      <button className={currentPage === 0 ? styles.prev + ' ' + styles.disabled : styles.prev}>prev</button>

      {loaded && pagination.map((item, index) => {
        return (
          <li key={index} className={styles.paginationItem}>
            <button className={currentPage === item ? styles.active : null}>{item}</button>
          </li>
        )
      })}

      <button onClick={() => {
        handleNext()
      }} className={currentPage === pages ? styles.next + ' ' + styles.disabled : styles.next}>next</button>
    </div>
  </ol>

  {loaded &&
  <div className={styles.info}>
    <p>Page Count: {pageCount}</p>
    <p>Current Page: {currentPage}</p>
    <p>Limit: {limit}</p>
    <p>Pages: {pages}</p>
    <p>Total Students: {students.length}</p>
    <p>Pagination: {pagination}</p>
  </div>
  }
</main>
);
}

export default App;

Answer 1

Following are the problems in your code:

• Inside handleNext() function, you are using currentPage immediately after calling setCurrentPage(...) function BUT the state is updated asynchronously. So currentPage will be the old value instead of the updated value.

• Another problem is that if the user clicks the next button three times, then the conditon pageCount + limit === currentPage will be true and pageCount will be set to pageCount + limit which is 3. This means that the loop inside handleNext() function for (let i = pageCount; i < pages; i++) {...} will only execute once. So tmpArray will contain only one element, ie 4.

• Also, since calling handleNext() function updates the currentPage depending on its previous value, you should update the state by passing the function to setCurrentPage() function

   setCurrentPage((page) => page + 1);

  Similarly to go to previous page:

   setCurrentPage((page) => page - 1);

  This will make sure that state is updated correctly.

Edit:

It wasn't clear before why you were using pageCount but the demo you posted in a comment made it clear what you are trying to achieve.

Problem you mentioned in your question is that value of pageCount is always zero. Looking at your code, i think you don't need pageCount at all.

To achieve the desired functionality, you need to take following steps:

1. To populate the pagination array, you can make use of the useEffect hook that executes whenever students array or limit changes.

    useEffect(() => { // set pagination let arr = new Array(Math.ceil(students.length / limit)).fill().map((_, idx) => idx + 1); setPagination(arr); setLoaded(true); }, [students, limit]);

2. To display limited number of students at a time, create a function that slices the students array depending on the currentPage and limit .

    const getPaginatedStudents = () => { const startIndex = currentPage * limit - limit; const endIndex = startIndex + limit; return students.slice(startIndex, endIndex); };

3. To display a limited number of pages equal to the limit , you don't need pageCount . You can create a function that slices the pagination array depending on the currentPage and limit . This function is similar to the one created in step 2 but the difference lies in how startIndex is calculated.

    const getPaginationGroup = () => { let start = Math.floor((currentPage - 1) / limit) * limit; let end = start + limit; return pagination.slice(start, end); };

4. Create functions that will change the currentPage

   function goToNextPage() { setCurrentPage((page) => page + 1); } function goToPreviousPage() { setCurrentPage((page) => page - 1); } function changePage(event) { const pageNumber = Number(event.target.textContent); setCurrentPage(pageNumber); }

That's all you need to get the desired functionality.

Demo

Following code snippet shows an example:

 const studentsData = [ { name: "Harry" }, { name: "Hermoine" }, { name: "Ron" }, { name: "Ginny" }, { name: "Snape" }, { name: "Bellatrix" }, { name: "Albus" }, { name: "Dudley" }, { name: "Petunia" }, { name: "Hagrid" }, { name: "Lee" }, { name: "James" }, { name: "Lily" }, { name: "Remus" }, { name: "Voldemort" }, { name: "Dobby" }, { name: "Lucius" }, { name: "Sirius" } ]; function Student({ name }) { return ( <div className="student"> <h3>{name}</h3> </div> ); } function App() { let [students] = React.useState(studentsData); let [pagination, setPagination] = React.useState([]); let [loaded, setLoaded] = React.useState(false); let [limit] = React.useState(3); let [pages] = React.useState(Math.round(students.length / limit)); let [currentPage, setCurrentPage] = React.useState(1); function goToNextPage() { setCurrentPage((page) => page + 1); } function goToPreviousPage() { setCurrentPage((page) => page - 1); } function changePage(event) { const pageNumber = Number(event.target.textContent); setCurrentPage(pageNumber); } React.useEffect(() => { // set pagination let arr = new Array(Math.ceil(students.length / limit)).fill().map((_, idx) => idx + 1); setPagination(arr); setLoaded(true); }, [students, limit]); const getPaginatedStudents = () => { const startIndex = currentPage * limit - limit; const endIndex = startIndex + limit; return students.slice(startIndex, endIndex); }; const getPaginationGroup = () => { let start = Math.floor((currentPage - 1) / limit) * limit; let end = start + limit; return pagination.slice(start, end); }; return ( <main> <h1>Students</h1> {loaded && ( <div className="studentsContainer"> {getPaginatedStudents().map((s) => ( <Student key={s.name} {...s} /> ))} </div> )} <ol className="pagination"> <div className="paginationContainer"> <button onClick={goToPreviousPage} className={currentPage === 1? "prev disabled": "prev"} > prev </button> {loaded && getPaginationGroup().map((item, index) => { return ( <li key={index} className="paginationItem"> <button onClick={changePage} className={currentPage === item? "active": null} > {item} </button> </li> ); })} <button onClick={goToNextPage} className={currentPage === pages? "next disabled": "next"} > next </button> </div> </ol> </main> ); } ReactDOM.render(<App/>, document.getElementById('root'));

 h1 { margin: 0; }.studentsContainer { display: flex; background: #efefef; padding: 15px 10px; margin: 5px 0; }.student { flex-grow: 1; box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); text-align: center; max-width: 450px; margin: 0 5px; }.pagination { position: relative; padding: 0; }.paginationContainer { align-items: center; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(40px, auto)); grid-column-gap: .65rem; justify-content: center; justify-items: center; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; position: relative; }.paginationItem { height: 40px; width: 40px; user-select: none; list-style: none; }.prev, .next { user-select: none; cursor: pointer; background: transparent; border: none; outline: none; }.prev.disabled, .next.disabled { pointer-events: none; opacity: .5; } button { padding: .65rem; display: block; height: 100%; width: 100%; border-radius: 50%; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #ccc; outline: none; cursor: pointer; } button.active { background: rgba(black, .25); border: none; color: #777; pointer-events: none; }

 <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.13.1/umd/react.production.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.13.1/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script> <div id="root"></div>

You can also view this demo on codesandbox.