Bash：根据文件名对文件进行排序

Question

I have a workdir filled with many *.dlg text files. The name of each file is given in the following format

7000_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg
1300_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg
5000_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg
6000_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg

I need to write some bash workflow to sort these filles accoridng to its first index (a number occured at the begining of the name, before the first _): 1300, 7000, 5000 or 6000, and create separate directory for each of the index and then copy it into it. In this example I should have 4 different directories: 7000, 1300, 5000 and 6000 with one file into it. But then I will have to apply the script for huge filles with the naming different after the first _

It may be something like this

#!/bin/bash
#set the name of folder with folles to be sorted
FILES=$PWD/test
# where output directories should be created
OUTPUT=$PWD
for i in ${FILES}/[0-9]*_*.dlg      
do 
    mkdir -p  ${OUTPUT}/${i%%_*}       
    cp $i ${OUTPUT}/${i%%_*}
done

Answer 1

Here's one that copies files from current working dir and makes the new dirs in the same place:

for i in [0-9]*_*.dlg        # define this better to suit your needs
do 
    mkdir -p  ${i%%_*}       # remove substring starting from the 1st _
    cp $i ${i%%_*}
done

If the files are in a separate dir:

for i in dir/[0-9]*_*dlg     # they are in dir or path
do 
    j=${i##*/}               # strip the path off from beginning to last /
    mkdir -p ${j%%_*}        # strip off from the first _ to the end
    cp $i ${j%%_*}
done

It will make dirs to current working directory.

Use quotes around variables if needed.

Answer 2

Seems you want to arrange files via keywords, from your example:

mkdir 1300
cp 1300_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg 1300
mkdir 5000
cp 5000_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg 5000
mkdir 6000
cp 6000_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg 6000
mkdir 7000
cp 7000_01_lig_cne_1000.dlg 7000

If that is true, try below:

flist=()
for i in `ls`;
do
#folder name check
fname=`echo $i | cut -d '_' -f1;`
#if the file match no folder, create it
if [[ ! " ${flist[@]} " =~ " ${fname} " ]]; then
flist+=($fname)
echo "mkdir $fname" #do not remove echo unless you are sure
fi    
# if the file match the folder, copy or move it
if [[ " ${flist[@]} " =~ " ${fname} " ]]; then
echo "cp $i $fname" #do not remove echo unless you are sure
fi
done