复杂浮点类型的 C++20 概念

Question

I am trying to learn concepts in C++20 and I have a class that represents a data sample. I want to restrict this class to accept only floating point types, or complex floating point types but I can't seem to figure out how to handle complex values with concepts.

Without concepts this is simple, but it allows way too many other data types that I don't want to allow.

Example without concepts:

template <typename T>
class Sample
{
    // ...
};

int main()
{
    // This compiles
    Sample<double> s1;
    Sample<complex<double>> s2;

    // This also compiles (but I don't want it to!)
    Sample<int> s3;
    // This compiles as well (again, I don't want it to!)
    Sample<complex<int>> s4;
}

With concepts I can easily restrict it to just take floating point values but then it doesn't work with complex values.

template<floating_point T>
class Sample
{
    // ...
};

int main()
{
    // This compiles
    Sample<double> s1;
    Sample<float> s2;

    // This does NOT compile (but I do want it to!)
    Sample<complex<double>> s3;
}

How can I create a concept to restrict the template to work with both real and complex floating point values?

Answer 1

Here's one solution that uses a partial specialization to check if T is a specialization of std::complex for floating point types:

template <typename T>
struct is_complex : std::false_type {};

template <std::floating_point T>
struct is_complex<std::complex<T>> : std::true_type {};

With this, you can write the concept:

template <typename T>
concept complex = std::floating_point<T> || is_complex<T>::value;

Here's a demo .

Answer 2

Here's code using a helper type trait class with partial specialization, to determine if a type is complex with floating point coordinates.

#include <type_traits>
#include <concepts>
#include <complex>

template <typename T>
struct is_complex_floating_point : public std::false_type {};

template <typename T>
struct is_complex_floating_point<std::complex<T>>
    : public std::bool_constant<std::is_floating_point_v<T>>
{};

template <typename T>
concept real_or_complex_floating_point =
    std::floating_point<T> || 
    is_complex_floating_point<std::remove_const_t<T>>::value;

template<real_or_complex_floating_point T>
class Sample
{
    // ...
};

I used the remove_const_t because std::floating_point is satisfied by const float , etc., meaning your existing Sample (with constrained parameter) would allow Sample<const double> , etc. So the concept is defined to accept const std::complex<T> , making Sample<const std::complex<double>> etc. work. If that shouldn't be considered valid, you can remove the remove_const_t part and possibly consider also restricting your template to forbid cv-qualified types.

[As @cigien noticed in their solution , the partial specialization of is_complex_floating_point is simpler to write using the std::floating_point concept. An exercise for the reader. ;) ]

Answer 3

A little experimentation shows that you can do this:

template <class T>
concept is_floating_point_or_complex = std::is_floating_point_v<T> || std::is_same_v <T, std::complex <double>>;

template<is_floating_point_or_complex T>
class Sample
{
    // ...
};

But it's not obvious how to avoid specialising std::complex in is_floating_point_or_complex (if indeed you want to).

Live demo