维护内部Maven存储库的提示？

Question

I'm interested in maintaining a Maven 2 repository for my organization. What are the some of the pointers and pitfalls that would help.

What are guidelines for users to follow when setting up standards for downloading from or publishing their own artifacts to the repository when releasing their code? What kinds of governance/rules do you have in place for this type of thing? What do you include about it in your developer's guide/documentation?

UPDATE : We've stood up Nexus and have been very happy with it - followed most of Sal's guidelines and haven't had any trouble. In addition, we've restricted deploy access and automated build/deployment of snapshot artifacts through a Hudson CI server. Hudson can analyze all of the upstream/downstream project dependencies, so if a compilation problem, test failure, or some other violation causes the build to break, no deployment will occur. Be weary of doing snapshot deployments in Maven2/Maven3, as the metadata has changed between the two versions. The "Hudson only" snapshot deployment strategy will mitigate this. We do not use the Release Plugin, but have written some plumbing around the Versions plugin when going to move a snapshot to release. We also use m2eclipse and it seems to work very well with Nexus, as from the settings file it can see Nexus and knows to index artifact information for lookup from there. (Though I have had to tweak some of those settings to have it fully index our internal snapshots.) I'd also recommend you deploy a source jar with your artifacts as a standard practice if you're interested in doing this. We configure that in a super POM.

UPDATE2 : I've come across this Sonatype whitepaper which details different stages of adoption/maturity, each with different usage goals for a Maven Repository manager.

Answer 1

I would recommend setting up one nexus server with at least four repositories. I would not recommend artifactory. The free version of nexus is perfectly fine for a dev team of less than 20 in less than three groups. If you have more users than that, do yourself a favor and pay for the Sonatype release. The LDAP integration pays for itself.

1. Internal Release
2. Internal Snapshot
3. Internal 3rd Party for code used in house that comes from outside sources, or for endorsed 3rd party versions. Put the JDBC drivers, javax.* stuff and stuff from clients and partners here.
4. External Proxies common proxy for all the usual sources like m2, codehaus etc

Configure Nexus to do the following for internal repos

1. Delete old Snapshots on regular intervals
2. Delete Snapshots on release
3. Build index files. This speeds up local builds too

Have a common settings.xml file that uses these four and only these four sources. If you need to customize beyond this try to keep a common part of the settings file and use profiles for the differences. Do not let your clients just roll their own settings or you will end up with code that builds on one machine but not on any other machine.

Provide a common proxy for your clients. In Nexus, you can add a bunch of proxies to the common Maven sources (Apache, JBoss, Codehaus) and have a single proxy exposed to the internal clients. This makes adding and removing sources from your clients much easier.

Don't mix Internal and 3rd party artifacts in the same repository. Nexus allows you to add jars to an internal repository via a web gui. I recommend this as the way of adding your JDBC drivers and other external code to 3rd party. The UI is quite nice to use when compared to most enterprise software .

Define a common parent POM that defines the Internal snapshot and release repos via the distributionManagement tag. I know lots of people tell you not to do this. And while I freely admit that there are all kinds of problems with doing this, it works out OK if the clients will only be building releases and snapshots to be deployed to a single internal repository.

If you have an existing mis-managed Maven repository , create a 5th repos called Legacy and put the whole repos there. Set up a cron task to delete old files from legacy once they are a year old. That gives everyone a year to move off of it and update their poms.

Establish an easy to stick to naming convention for internal artifacts. I prefer GroupID of Department.Function.Project and an ArtifactId for that componentName . For internal repositories, com/org/net and the company name are likely to be irrelevant. And wrong if the company changes its name. It is far less likely that the sales, accounting or inventory department will be renamed.

Answer 2

Definitely use Nexus . :P

I've used both Nexus and Artifactory. The interface for Nexus is a lot more robust, it's a lot more configurable, and of course, written by Sonatype , who repesents pretty much everything Maven well.

That being said, Artifactory is decent and workable.

• A review of Nexus vs. Artifactory
• Oh my! Of course, here's a SO quesiton about the matter.
• Sonatype does a feature comparison
• jFrog (maker of Artifactory) does a feature comparison

Answer 3

使用Artifactory 。

Answer 4

I am using Artifactory myself, and love the user interface and ease of deployment/maintenance. That said, I have never used Nexus, and cannot really help you with a proper feature comparison.

Here are some things off the top of my head that I really like about Artifactory (keep in mind Nexus may have these features too):

1. Nice Web 2.0 interface.
2. The ability to import your local Maven repository to help get you started.
3. Ease of integration with existing LDAP servers for security (I'm a big fan of a single repository for storing credentials).

Given that there's really only two major Maven Repository implementation out there, if you really want to make sure you've made the right choice, I'd recommend trying both out, and deciding for yourself which you like better.

Answer 5

Perhaps this is obvious, but, for reproducibility, developers should never overwrite artifacts, they should be new versions.

This also applies to upstream repositories. If you download Apache-commons version 1.2.3, you should really never download it again. Fixes come from latter versions, not applied to existing versions.

Answer 6

Something else to consider:

http://archiva.apache.org/

Answer 7

As the the ORIGINAL QUESTION (technical issues to consider when constructing a M2 repository), I would recommend creating read-only user for browsing the repository and administrative user per administrator (that said: one read-only user for all those users that are not administrators). Moreover, I would recommend generating backup images periodically (once a day perhaps ?). Very important both if your repository is big or you install your own artifacts from time to time.

Last, but not least, when adding new remote repositories, you must add inclusion/exclusion filters so an artifact lookup in the repository would be done more quickly.

There are lots of other issues to consider, but these are the leading issues I've encountered while managing a Maven internal repository.

For the record, I'm using both Nexus and Artifactory; I can clearly state that while Nexus is very simple and operative (though I sometimes have problems with the installation process on Ubuntu), its free version cannot compete with Artifactory's community (free) edition. Excluding Artifactory's awesome web 2 UI, its main features, such as security management, periodic backups, and accessibility issues are way beyond those of Nexus.