使用空格传递 Python JSON 参数

Question

I am trying to pass JSON as an argument to python script in command prompt. It works if the element in JSON does not have white spaces in value but it does not work if there are white spaces.

Here is script

import json, sys, traceback
    if(len(sys.argv)>1):
    print(sys.argv[1])
    jsonInput = json.loads(sys.argv[1]);
    print(jsonInput['name'])
    print(jsonInput['kingdom'])
    print(jsonInput['slogan'])

Passing below JSON as an argument in the power Shell. I have spaces in values eg Jon Snow

python C:\Users\user1\Desktop\myTest.py '{\"name\":\"Jon Snow\",\"kingdom\":\"Winterfell\",\"slogan\":\"King in the North\"}'

Output:

python : Traceback (most recent call last):
At line:1 char:1
+ python C:\Users\kiran.patil\Desktop\myTest.py '{\"name\":\"Jon Snow\" ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (Traceback (most recent call last)::String) [], RemoteException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError
 
  File "C:\Users\User\Desktop\myTest.py", line 5, in <module>
    jsonInput = json.loads(sys.argv[1]);
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\json\__init__.py", line 357, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\json\decoder.py", line 337, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\json\decoder.py", line 353, in raw_decode
    obj, end = self.scan_once(s, idx)
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Unterminated string starting at: line 1 column 9 (char 8)

Please any advise to fix it.

Answer 1

If you use \\" it means the enclosing quotes are double quotes too. On windows the enclosing simple quotes doesn't work so the 2 options are

# Linux + Windows
python script.py "{\"name\":\"Jon Snow\",\"kingdom\":\"Winterfell\",\"slogan\":\"King in theNorth\"}"

# Linux only
python script.py '{"name":"Jon Snow","kingdom":"Winterfell","slogan":"King in theNorth"}'

Powershell case

python script.py '{""name"":""Jon Snow"",""kingdom"":""Winterfell"",""slogan"":""King in theNorth""}'

Answer 2

In PowerShell :

• There is de facto nothing fundamentally wrong with your attempt to escape the embedded " characters as \\" for a call to an external program (such as Python), despite their being enclosed in single -quoted string ( '...' ):

  • Due to an additional bug in Windows PowerShell (in addition to the fundamental bug discussed below) that has since been fixed in PowerShell [Core] v6+ , a string with \\" escapes only works if it contains at least one space character .

  • In other words: In PowerShell [Core] v6+ , your command would work as-is ; in Windows PowerShell , it would only work if your string contained at least one space character .

  • Since in this particular context (only!) \\" and "" are interchangeable and use of "" also works with space- less strings in Windows PowerShell, "" -escaping , as shown in azro's helpful answer , is the more robust choice; the caveat is that most, but not all CLIs on Windows recognize "" as an escaped " char., whereas those that don't do recognize \\" .

# OK even in Windows PowerShell, due to the string containing spaces.
# "" instead of \" works too and avoids the need for spaces in Windows PowerShell
#  - but neither should be necessary (see below).
python myTest.py '{\"name\": \"Jon Snow\", \"kingdom\": \"Winterfell\", \"slogan\": \"King in the North\"}'

• There should be something wrong , however, because you shouldn't have to escape " chars. inside a '...' -delimited string literal , which is a verbatim string literal in PowerShell .

  • In fact, you don't need to do it if you call PowerShell-native commands ; eg:
    ConvertFrom-Json '{ "foo": "bar" }' works just fine.

  • Due to a longstanding bug , you do have to do it when calling external programs , unfortunately - something that hasn't been fixed yet so as not to break backward compatibility - see this answer for background information and a possible future fix.