如何 mod_rewrite 包含路径和参数的查询字符串？

Question

My website uses a rather complicated query string parameter: Its value is a path including parameters.

For SEO (Search Engine Optimization) etc. I'm now attempting to mod_rewrite shortened versions...

• example.com/path/c1/d1/e1.html?x=x1&y=y1
• example.com/path/c2/d2/e2.html?x=x2&y=y2
• example.com/path/c2/d3/e4.html?x=x5&y=y6

...to the currently required...

• example.com/path/?param=a/b/c1/d1/e1?x=x1&y=y1
• example.com/path/?param=a/b/c2/d2/e2?x=x2&y=y2
• example.com/path/?param=a/b/c2/d3/e4?x=x5&y=y6

So the goal is to...

1. get rid of the fixed part ( ?param=a/b/ ) to shorten the address and don't have two ? in the visible address
2. preserve the query string value's necessary variable path components (like c1/d1/e1 or c2/d2/e2 or c2/d3/e4 )
3. add .html to the final part before the query string value's ? to make the folder structure appear 1 level less deep
4. preserve the query string value's necessary variable parameters (like ?x=x1&y=y1 or ?x=x2&y=y2 or ?x=x5&y=y6 )

After hours of research and attempting lots of things that did not work, I signed up here to request your advice on how to solve this mess. Would you please be so kind to assist?

Edit / additional infos:

• After the fixed string /path/?param=a/b/ it is always 3 variable path segments like c1/d1/e1 .
• These variable segments can contain alphanumerical characters az AZ 0-9 , dash symbol - and bracket symbols ( and ) .
• Same applies to the parameter values (x1, y1). Additionally, y1 can contain percent symbol % due to URL-encoding.
• Using two question marks (one to start the query string and the other as part of the parameter value) looks invalid but works.
• The actual file that handles the request is /path/index.php .

Answer 1

Try the following at the top of your .htaccess file, using mod_rewrite:

RewriteEngine on

# REDIRECT: /path/?param=a/b/c1/d1/e1?x=1&y=y1
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,7}\s/path/(?:index\.php)?\?param=a/b/([^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+)\?(x=[^&]+&y=[^&]+)\s
RewriteRule ^(path)/(?:index\.php)?$ /$1/%1.html?%2 [R=302,L]

# REWRITE: /path/c1/d1/e1.html?x=x1&y=y1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(x=[^&]+&y=[^&]+)$
RewriteRule ^(path)/([^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?param=a/b/$2?%1 [L]

The first rule redirects any direct requests for the "old" URL of the form /path/?param=a/b/c1/d1/e1?x=1&y=y1 ( index.php is optional) to the "new" canonical URL of the form /path/c1/d1/e1.html?x=x1&y=y1 . This is for the benefit of search engines and any third party inbound links that cannot be updated. You must, however, have already changed all your internal links to the "new" canonical URL.

By matching against THE_REQUEST (as opposed to the QUERY_STRING ) we avoid a redirect loop by preventing the rewritten URL from being redirected. THE_REQUEST contains the first line of the request headers and is not changed by other rewrites. For example, THE_REQUEST would contain a string of the form:

GET /path/?param=a/b/c1/d1/e1?x=1&y=y1 HTTP/1.1

This is currently a 302 (temporary) redirect. Only change this to a 301 (permanent) redirect once you have tested that this works OK, in order to avoid potential caching issues.

The second rule internally rewrites requests for the "new" canonical URL, eg. /path/c1/d1/e1.html?x=x1&y=y1 , back to the original/underlying URL-path, eg. /path/index.php?param=a/b/c1/d1/e1?x=1&y=y1 . The & before the last URL parameter is intentional un-escaped (ie. URL decoded) as discussed in comments.

The $1 and $2 backreferences refer back to the captured groups in the RewriteRule pattern . Whereas the %1 and %2 backreferencs refer to the captured groups in the preceding CondPattern .

These variable segments can contain alphanumerical characters az AZ 0-9 , dash symbol - and bracket symbols ( and ) .

I've used a more general (and shorter) subpattern in the regex above which will match more characters, but is arguably easier to read. ie. [^/]+ - matches anything except a slash and [^&]+ - matches anything except a & .

If you specifically wanted to match only the allowed characters then you could change the above subpatterns to [a-zA-Z0-9()%-]+ or [\\w()%-]+ which also matches underscores ( _ ).

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UPDATE: x and y are just examples for parameter names, but in reality there can be lots of different parameter names.
the parameters have more than a single character. They consist of letters az, AZ and in the future maybe digits 0-9. There can be more than the two parameters x and y.

Maybe just match any query string (providing there is a query string).

Try the following instead:

# REDIRECT: /path/?param=a/b/c1/d1/e1?x=1&y=y1
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,7}\s/path/(?:index\.php)?\?param=a/b/([^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+)\?([^\s]+)
RewriteRule ^(path)/(?:index\.php)?$ /$1/%1.html?%2 [R=302,L]

# REWRITE: /path/c1/d1/e1.html?x=x1&y=y1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.+)$
RewriteRule ^(path)/([^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?param=a/b/$2?%1