如何在Windows上的C/C++中读取包含'œ'作为字符的文件名

Question

This post is not a duplicate of this one: dirent not working with unicode

Because here I'm using it on a different OS and I also don't want to do the same thing. The other thread is trying to simply count the files, and I want to access the file name which is more complex.

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I'm trying to retrieve data information through files names on a windows 10 OS.

For this purpose I use dirent.h (external c library, but still very usefull also in c++).

DIR* directory = opendir(path);
struct dirent* direntStruct;

if (directory != NULL)
{
    while (direntStruct = readdir(directory))
    {            
        cout << direntStruct->d_name << endl;
    }
}

This code is able to retrieve all files names located in a specific folder (one by one). And it works pretty well!

But when it encounter a file containing the character 'œ' then things are going crazy:

Example:

grosse blessure au cœur.txt

is read in my program as:

GUODU0~6.TXT

I'm not able to find the original data in the string name because as you can see my string variable has nothing to do with the current file name!

I can rename the file and it works, but I don't want to do this, I just need to read the data from that file name and it seems impossible. How can I do this?

Answer 1

在 Windows 上，您可以使用FindFirstFile()或FindFirstFileEx()后跟FindNextFile()来读取返回文件名中带有 Unicode 的目录的内容。

Answer 2

Short File Name

The name you receive is the 8.3 short file name NTFS generates for non-ascii file names, so they can be accessed by programs that don't support unicode.

clinging to dirent

If dirent doesn't support UTF-16, your best bet may be to change your library.

However, depending on the implementation of the library you may have luck with:

• adding / changing the manifest of your application to support UTF-8 in char -based Windows API's. This requires a very recent version of Windows 10.
  see MSDN: Use the UTF-8 code page under Windows - Apps - UWP - Design and UI - Usability - Globalization and localization .

• setting the C++ Runtime's code page to UTF-8 using setlocale

I do not recommend this, and I don't know if this will work.

life is change

Use std::filesystem to enumerate directory content. A simple example can be found here (see the "Update 2017").

Windows only

You can use FindFirstFileW and FindNextFileW as platform API's that support UTF16 strings. However, with std::filesystem there's little reason to do so (at least for your use case).

Answer 3

If you're in C, use the OS functions directly, specifically FindFirstFileW and FindNextFileW . Note the W at the end, you want to use the wide versions of these functions to get back the full non-ASCII name.

In C++ you have more options, specifically with Boost. You have classes like recursive_directory_iterator which allow cross-platform file searching, and they provide UTF-8/UTF-16 file names.

Edit: Just to be absolutely clear, the file name you get back from your original code is correct. Due to backwards compatibility in Windows filesystems (FAT32 and NTFS), every file has two names: the "full", Unicode aware name, and the "old" 8.3 name from DOS days.

You can absolutely use the 8.3 name if you want, just don't show it to your users or they'll be (correctly) confused. Or just use the proper, modern API to get the real name.