在 Python 中从另一个脚本导入

Question

My directory is as such:

isds:
__init__.py
    jobs:
    __init__.py
        adhoc:
        __init__.py
        test.py
        test2.py

My two files look like this.

test.py:

import sys

x = 10

test2.py:

import sys
from isds.jobs.adhoc.test import *

print(x)

When I run "python3 test2.py" from the same directory as test2.py, I get this error: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'isds.jobs.adhoc.test'

Why is this happening? I have the init .py files and I think I have the absolute import statement correct... but maybe not?

Thanks!

Answer 1

由于您是从同一目录导入模块，因此您可以简单地导入使用。

from test import *

Answer 2

in order to import as a package then you need to run the file as a package, so you would navigate to the folder containing isds` and run:

python -m isds.jobs.adhoc.test2

This runs the file as a module instead of a script, and since it gets indexed at the same level that it uses its own imports then the import mechanic you are using works as intended.

If you want to support either running as a script or running as a module you would need something like this:

try:
    from isds.jobs.adhoc.test import *
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    from test import *

But this can lead to other issues like if a different module not found error occurs and then import test ends up importing something else entirely you can get confusing and misleading error messages, so I'd generally recommend just running all your stuff with the -m flag if you are writing packages.

Also note this method works without any __init__.py files in python 3.7,4 . the requirement to add empty init files was removed a while ago I believe.