.gitignore 忽略与某些顶级子目录关联的嵌套子目录中具有某些扩展名的文件之外的所有内容

Question

I would like for git to ignore all files except those with a few different extensions buried somewhere within a specific set of subdirectories.

For examples, say I have a directory with the following sub-directories:

subdir1
subdir2
subdir3
subdir4
subdir5
...

Each subdirectory contains an arbitrary number of nested sub-directories. Files with extension .txt or .pdf may be present in some of those nested sub-directories. I would like to have the repo track only the .txt and .pdf files somewhere within subdir2 and subdir3 and no other files.

Please explain why your solution works.

Answer 1

If you want to ignore ALL files expect all .pdf and .txt files in the directory subdir2/ and subdir3/ , add following to gitignore :

# Ignore everything
*
!*/

# But not these files
!.gitignore
!subdir2/**/*.pdf
!subdir2/**/*.txt
!subdir3/**/*.pdf
!subdir3/**/*.txt

subdir/** matches all files and directories in any subdir/ directory and all of its subdirectories. The ! negates the pattern where follows. And so you can ignore all except the .pdf and .txt files in the wished directories.

The folder-structure is as follow:

|-- folder
    |-- .git
    |-- .gitignore
    |-- subdir1/
        |-- <folder content>
    |-- subdir2/
        |-- <folder content>
    |-- subdir3/
        |-- <folder content>
    |-- subdir4/
        |-- <folder content>
    |-- subdir5/
        |-- <folder content>