正则表达式（python）：如何匹配某些查询

Question

I have a string list where every line is like this:

1.alfa.america.game

i need to query this line with different parameters, and if matches, print it. with this example, i get all the lines which have "1" and "db", but also get others, ie:

11.alfa.cad.base

i don't want to get lines with "11" nor "db", only the exact match. this is what i did:

code:

    ID = "1"
    task = "db"
    environment = "a-z"
    location = "a-z"
    fullString = "1.alfa.america.game" #this string can change

    q = re.compile(r'(['+ID+'])+.(['+task+'])+.(['+environment+'])+.(['+location+'])+.', flags=re.I | re.X)
m = q.match(fullString)
if m:
    print (fullString)

thanks in advance!

Answer 1

A few notes about the pattern, some of which are already mentioned in the comment.

With the current variables, the pattern would be

([1])+.([db])+.([a-z])+.([a-z])+.

• Here, the . matches any character instead of a dot only.
• If you don't want to match 11, you should not use a quantifier for either the group or the character class
• Repeating the capture group ()+ would capture the value of the last iteration, you want the group value as a whole so you can repeat the character class instead
• As strings like 1 and db are hardcoded, you don't really have to capture them

Taking that into account, you could use 2 capturing groups instead. As you are using re.match you can omit the anchor at the start and assert the end of the string using \Z

1\.db\.([a-z]+)+\.([a-z]+)\Z
  ^    ^          ^
  Dot  group 1    group 2

Regex demo

q = re.compile(ID+r'\.'+task+'\.(['+environment+']+)+\.(['+location+']+)\Z', flags=re.I)