获取不属于不同 model 的多对多关系的对象？

Question

Lets say I have two models and a form:

class Person(models.Model):
    first_name      = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    last_name       = models.CharField(max_length=255)

class Car(models.Model):
    plate   = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    persons = models.ManyToManyField(Person)

class CarAddForm(forms.ModelForm):
    plate           = forms.CharField()
    persons         = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Person.objects.all())

    class Meta:
        model = Car
        fields = [
            'plate',
            'persons'
        ]

Is there a way to get ModelMultipleChoiceField queryset of people that are NOT associated with any car? In case of editing Car model object, the queryset should contain people that are NOT associated with any car PLUS people that are associated with the car being edited

PS: maybe there is a better way to achieve this?

Answer 1

You can make use of the limit_choices_to --(Doc) argument of ManyToManyField as

class Car(models.Model):
    plate = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    persons = models.ManyToManyField(
        Person,
        
    )

Alternatively, you can also alter the queryset argument of ModelMultipleChoiceField as

class CarAddForm(forms.ModelForm):
    plate = forms.CharField()
    persons = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(
        
    )

    class Meta:
        model = Car
        fields = [
            'plate',
            'persons'
        ]

Answer 2

You can specify a filter for the query:

from django.db import models

class CarAddForm(forms.ModelForm):
    ...
    persons = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(
        queryset=Person.objects\
            .annotate(car_count=models.Count('cars'))\
            .filter(car_count=0))
    ...

---

Another options is to override the forms __init__() method. Maybe like this:

from django.db import models

class CarAddForm(forms.ModelForm):
    ...

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.fields['person'].queryset = self.fields['person'].queryset\
            .annotate(car_count=models.Count('cars'))\
            .filter(car_count=0))