创建可扩展属性类（OOP）

Question

I have an application which supports multiple types and versions of some devices. It can connect to these devices and retrieve various information.

Depending on the type of the device, I have (among other things) a class which can contain various properties. Some properties are common to all devices, some are unique to a particular device.

This data is serialized to xml.

What would be a preferred way to implement a class which would support future properties in future versions of these devices, as well as be backwards compatible with previous application versions?

I can think of several ways, but I find none of them great:

• Use a collection of name-value pairs:
  • pros : good backward compatibility (both xml and previous versions of my app) and extensibility,
  • cons : no type safety, no intellisense, requires implementation of custom xml serialization (to handle different value objects)
• Create derived properties class for each new device:
  • pros : type safety
  • cons : have to use XmlInclude or custom serialization to deserialize derived classes, no backward compatibility with previous xml schema (although by implementing custom serialization I could skip unknown properties?), requires casting for accessing properties in derived classes.
• Another way to do it?

I am using C#, by the way.

Answer 1

类似于PropertyBag的东西怎么样？

Answer 2

If you're not limited to interoperability with an external schema, then you should use Runtime Serialization and the SoapFormatter. The pattern for runtime serialization permits derived classes to specify which of their properties need to be serialized and what to do with them when deserialized.

The XML Serializer requires XmlInclude because, in effect, it needs to define the schema to use.

Answer 3

I like name/value sets for this sort of thing.

Many of your cons can be dealt with -- consider a base class that acts as a general name/value set with no-op methods for validating incoming name/value pairs. For known sets of names (ie keys), you can create derived classes that implement validation methods.

For example, Printer may have a known key "PrintsColor" that can only be "true" or "false". If someone tries to load PrintsColor = "CMYK", your Printer class would throw an exception.

Depending on what you're doing, you can go a few different ways in terms of making the validation more convenient -- utility methods in the base class (eg checkForValidBoolean()) or a base class that accepts name/type information in its constructor for cleaner code in your derived classes, and perhaps a mostly automated XML serialization.

For intellisense -- your derived classes could have basic accessors that are implemented in terms of the key lookup. Intellisense would present those accessor names.

This approach has worked well for me -- there's sort of a short-sightedness to classic OO design, especially for large systems with plugged-in components. IMO, the clunkier type checking here is a big of a drag, but the flexibility make it worthwhile.

Answer 4

I believe that creating derived properties is the best choice.

You can design your new classes using xml schema. And then just generate the class code with xsd.exe .

With .net isn't hard to develop a generic class that can serialize and deserialize all types to and from xml.

public static String toXmlString<T>(T value)
{
    XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
    StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
    try { xmlSerializer.Serialize(stringWriter, value); }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        throw(e);
    }
    finally { stringWriter.Dispose(); }
    String xml = stringWriter.ToString();
    stringWriter.Dispose();
    return xml;
}

public static T fromXmlFile<T>(string fileName, Encoding encoding)
{
    Stream stream;
    try { stream = File.OpenRead(fileName); }
    catch (Exception e)
    {

      e.Data.Add("File Name", fileName);
      e.Data.Add("Type", typeof(T).ToString());
      throw(e);
    }

    BufferedStream bufferedStream = new BufferedStream(stream);
    XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));

    TextReader textReader;
    if (encoding == null)
        textReader = new StreamReader(bufferedStream);
    else
        textReader = new StreamReader(bufferedStream, encoding);

    T value;
    try { value = (T)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(textReader); }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.Data.Add("File Name", fileName);
        e.Data.Add("Type", typeof(T).ToString());
        throw(e);
    }
    finally
    {
        textReader.Dispose();
        bufferedStream.Dispose();
    }
    return value;
}

Answer 5

Programatically speaking, this sounds like it might be a job for the Decorator Pattern . Essentially, you have a super class which defines a common interface for all these types of devices. Then you have decorator classes which have other properties which a device might have. And, when creating these devices, you can dynamically add these decorations to define new properties for the device. Graphically:

You can look at the Wikipedia page for a more detailed description. After that, it would just be a matter of doign some serialization to tell the program which decorators to load.

Answer 6

The general idea of what you're trying to accomplish here is precisely what the EAV pattern solves. EAV is a pattern most commonly used in database development but the concept is equally valid for applications.