编程错误：function lower(bigint) 不存在（Django、AWS RDS、PostgreSQL）

Question

In my Django Rest Framework project, I have a custom filter_backends that allows filtering by case insensitively:

class CaseInsensitiveOrderingFilter(OrderingFilter):
    
    def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
        ordering = self.get_ordering(request, queryset, view)
    
        if ordering:
            new_ordering = []
            for field in ordering:
             #   field = str(field)
                print(Lower(field))
                if field.startswith('-'):
                    new_ordering.append(Lower(field[1:]).desc())
                else:
                    new_ordering.append(Lower(field).asc())
            return queryset.order_by(*new_ordering)
    
        return queryset

This works fine in development.

Now I hosted the django app on elastic beanstalk and I configured a postgresql database via amazon relational database service (RDS).

When I try now to call the API, I get this error:

ProgrammingError at /api/profile_list/ function lower(bigint) does not exist LINE 1: ..."."author_id") GROUP BY "user_user"."id" ORDER BY LOWER(COUN...

HINT: No function matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.

This error appears only in the RDS deployment.

I tried to type cast the fields in django with:

field = str(field) 

But this is not working. Is there any way to allow caseinsensitive ordering without the lower function, or how can I conditionally check if it is a number (and cast then?) or a text abd

Answer 1

You get the error because you use Lower on a field which is perhaps an IntegerField or something else. You want to be checking what your field is before actually using Lower :

from django.db import models


def get_field_type(field_name, queryset):
    stripped_field_name = field_name.lstrip('-')
    if stripped_field_name in queryset.query.annotations:
        return queryset.query.annotations[stripped_field_name].output_field
    return queryset.model._meta.get_field(stripped_field_name)


class CaseInsensitiveOrderingFilter(OrderingFilter):
    
    def filter_queryset(self, request, queryset, view):
        ordering = self.get_ordering(request, queryset, view)
    
        if ordering:
            new_ordering = []
            for field in ordering:
                if not isinstance(get_field_type(field, queryset), (models.CharField, models.TextField)):
                    # Most of the character type fields inherit from CharField.
                    # I might miss a few fields here so you would need to make sure
                    new_ordering.append(field)
                elif field.startswith('-'):
                    new_ordering.append(Lower(field[1:]).desc())
                else:
                    new_ordering.append(Lower(field).asc())
            return queryset.order_by(*new_ordering)
    
        return queryset

Answer 2

To answer the additional question from this comment :

I wonder why this code is working with my local db.sqlite, but not on RDS. ...

The PostgreSQL lower function (as used on RDS) only accepts text values .

The SQLite lower function also accepts integers, although it is not explicitly mentioned in the docs .

This probably has to do with the fact that "SQLite uses a more general dynamic type system." Also see this SO answer .

This illustrates why it can be advantageous to use the same RDBMS both locally and in production.

NOTE:

Although SQLite does not complain when you do something like

... ORDER BY LOWER("my_integer_field")

the result can be surprising, because it will be in lexicographic order .

For example

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

will be sorted as text, resulting in

[1, 10, 11, 12, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]