QT/QML 数据 Model

Question

I want to create a Qt data model with a structure like below to use in Python and QML. If any values or keys are changed, added, or deleted in Python or QML I would need the values to be updated on the other side (QML or Python). This would ideally be the model used in a ListView and I would only display certain fields for the ListView. But I would use this data model to store all my information. When a test is performed for memory in Python I would want to write that test log information to this data model and display that in QML. I have read about QAbstractListModel, but I am unsure if I can make nested objects or lists and whether they would update automatically or not.

System: {
    Processor: {
        name: 'Processor',
        description: 'Intel i7 6600k',
        iconSource: '/resources/images/chip.svg',
        progressValue: 100,
        pageSource: '/resources/qml/Processor.qml',
        details: {
            "badge": "Intel® Core i5 processor",
            "cache": "6144 KB",
            "clock": "4200000"
        }
        testLog: [
            'Starting Cpu Test',
            'Detected Intel CPU',
            'Performing intense calculations',
            'Processing calculations still',
            'Cleaning up',
            'Test Passed'
        ]
    }    
    Memory: {
        name: 'Memory',
        description: 'Kingston 16GB DDR3',
        iconSource: '/resources/images/ram.svg',
        progressValue: 50,
        pageSource: '/resources/qml/Processor.qml',
        details: {
            "device_locator_string": "ChannelB-DIMM1",
            "device_set": 0,
            "error_handle": 65534,
            "extended_size": 0,
            "form_factor": "Unknown"
        },
        testLog: [
            'Starting Memory Test',
            'Detected 2 x RAM modules',
            'Performing intense calculations',
            'Processing calculations still',
            'Cleaning up',
            'Test Failed'
        ]
    }
}

Answer 1

There are several options in this case such as:

• Create a model based on QAbstractItemModel where you provide the properties through roles.

• Create a QObject Device that has the desired properties as qproperties and expose it through a qproperty associated with a signal from another QObject, the QObject Device list and use that list as a model.

• Create a model as a QAbstractListModel (or QStandardItemModel) and expose the QObject through a role.

• Create a QObject that exposes a list of QObjects Device through ListProperty.

In this case I have chosen the first option for a demo:

main.py

from dataclasses import dataclass
import sys
from typing import Callable

from PySide2.QtCore import (
    Property,
    QCoreApplication,
    QObject,
    QVariantAnimation,
    Qt,
    QUrl,
)
from PySide2.QtGui import QGuiApplication, QStandardItem, QStandardItemModel
from PySide2.QtQml import QQmlApplicationEngine


@dataclass
class item_property:
    role: int
    function: Callable = None

    def __call__(self, function):
        self.function = function
        return self


class item_property_impl(property):
    def __init__(self, role, function):
        super().__init__()
        self._role = role
        self._function = function

    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
        if obj is None:
            return self
        if hasattr(obj, "_initial"):
            obj.setData(self._function(obj), self._role)
            delattr(obj, "_initial")
        return obj.data(self._role)

    def __set__(self, obj, value):
        obj.setData(value, self._role)


class ItemMeta(type(QStandardItem), type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        for key in attrs.keys():
            attr = attrs[key]
            if not isinstance(attr, item_property):
                continue
            new_prop = item_property_impl(attr.role, attr.function)
            attrs[key] = new_prop
            if not hasattr(cls, "attrs"):
                cls._names = []
            cls._names.append(key)

        obj = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        return obj

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kw):
        obj = super().__call__(*args, **kw)
        obj._initial = True
        for key in cls._names:
            getattr(obj, key)
        return obj


class Item(QStandardItem, metaclass=ItemMeta):
    pass


keys = (b"name", b"description", b"icon", b"progress", b"source", b"details", b"log")
ROLES = (
    NAME_ROLE,
    DESCRIPTION_ROLE,
    ICON_ROLE,
    PROGRESS_ROLE,
    SOURCE_ROLE,
    DETAILS_ROLE,
    LOG_ROLE,
) = [Qt.UserRole + i for i, _ in enumerate(keys)]


class Device(Item):
    @item_property(role=NAME_ROLE)
    def name(self):
        return ""

    @item_property(role=DESCRIPTION_ROLE)
    def description(self):
        return ""

    @item_property(role=ICON_ROLE)
    def icon(self):
        return ""

    @item_property(role=PROGRESS_ROLE)
    def progress(self):
        return 0

    @item_property(role=SOURCE_ROLE)
    def source(self):
        return ""

    @item_property(role=DETAILS_ROLE)
    def details(self):
        return dict()

    @item_property(role=LOG_ROLE)
    def log(self):
        return list()


class DeviceManager(QObject):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self._model = QStandardItemModel()
        self._model.setItemRoleNames(dict(zip(ROLES, keys)))

    def get_model(self):
        return self._model

    model = Property(QObject, fget=get_model, constant=True)

    def add_device(self, *, name, description, icon, progress, source, details, log):
        dev = Device()
        dev.name = name
        dev.description = description
        dev.icon = icon
        dev.progress = progress
        dev.source = source
        dev.details = details
        dev.log = log
        self.model.appendRow(dev)
        return dev


def main():
    app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
    engine = QQmlApplicationEngine()

    manager = DeviceManager()
    engine.rootContext().setContextProperty("device_manager", manager)

    url = QUrl("main.qml")

    def handle_object_created(obj, obj_url):
        if obj is None and url == obj_url:
            QCoreApplication.exit(-1)

    engine.objectCreated.connect(handle_object_created, Qt.QueuedConnection)
    engine.load(url)

    processor = manager.add_device(
        name="Processor",
        description="Intel i7 6600k",
        icon="/resources/images/chip.svg",
        progress=10,
        source="resources/qml/Processor.qml",
        details={
            "badge": "Intel® Core i5 processor",
            "cache": "6144 KB",
            "clock": "4200000",
        },
        log=[
            "Starting Cpu Test",
            "Detected Intel CPU",
            "Performing intense calculations",
            "Processing calculations still",
            "Cleaning up",
            "Test Passed",
        ],
    )

    memory = manager.add_device(
        name="Memory",
        description="Kingston 16GB DDR3",
        icon="/resources/images/ram.svg",
        progress=50,
        source="resources/qml/Memory.qml",
        details={
            "device_locator_string": "ChannelB-DIMM1",
            "device_set": 0,
            "error_handle": 65534,
            "extended_size": 0,
            "form_factor": "Unknown",
        },
        log=[
            "Starting Memory Test",
            "Detected 2 x RAM modules",
            "Performing intense calculations",
            "Processing calculations still",
            "Cleaning up",
            "Test Failed",
        ],
    )

    def update_progress(value):
        processor.progress = value

    animation = QVariantAnimation(
        startValue=processor.progress, endValue=100, duration=3 * 1000
    )
    animation.valueChanged.connect(update_progress)
    animation.start()

    ret = app.exec_()
    sys.exit(ret)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

main.qml

import QtQuick 2.15
import QtQuick.Controls 2.15

ApplicationWindow {
    id: root

    visible: true
    width: 400
    height: 400

    ListView {
        id: view

        property url currentSource: ""

        model: device_manager.model
        width: parent.width / 2
        height: parent.height
        spacing: 10
        clip: true
        flickableDirection: Flickable.VerticalFlick
        boundsBehavior: Flickable.StopAtBounds
        currentIndex: -1

        ScrollBar.vertical: ScrollBar {
        }

        highlight: Rectangle {
            color: "lightsteelblue"
            radius: 5
        }

        delegate: Rectangle {
            id: rect

            color: "transparent"
            border.color: ListView.isCurrentItem ? "red" : "green"
            height: column.height
            width: ListView.view.width

            Column {
                id: column

                Text {
                    text: model.name
                }

                ProgressBar {
                    from: 0
                    to: 100
                    value: model.progress
                }

                Label {
                    text: "Log:"
                    font.bold: true
                    font.pointSize: 15
                }

                Text {
                    text: model.log.join("\n")
                }

            }

            MouseArea {
                anchors.fill: parent
                onClicked: {
                    rect.ListView.view.currentIndex = index;
                    rect.ListView.view.currentSource = model.source;
                }
            }

        }

    }

    Rectangle {
        x: view.width
        width: parent.width / 2
        height: parent.height
        color: "salmon"

        Loader {
            anchors.centerIn: parent
            source: view.currentSource
        }

    }

}

Processor.qml

import QtQuick 2.15
import QtQuick.Controls 2.15

Rectangle{
    color: "red"
    width: 100
    height: 40
    Text{
        text: "Processor"
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
}

Memory.qml

import QtQuick 2.15
import QtQuick.Controls 2.15

Rectangle{
    color: "blue"
    width: 100
    height: 40
    Text{
        text: "Memory"
        anchors.centerIn: parent
    }
}

├── main.py
├── main.qml
└── resources
    └── qml
        ├── Memory.qml
        └── Processor.qml

Answer 2

I want to create a Qt data model with a structure like below to use in Python and QML. If any values or keys are changed, added, or deleted in Python or QML I would need the values to be updated on the other side (QML or Python). This would ideally be the model used in a ListView and I would only display certain fields for the ListView. But I would use this data model to store all my information. When a test is performed for memory in Python I would want to write that test log information to this data model and display that in QML.I have read about QAbstractListModel, but I am unsure if I can make nested objects or lists and whether they would update automatically or not.

System: {
    Processor: {
        name: 'Processor',
        description: 'Intel i7 6600k',
        iconSource: '/resources/images/chip.svg',
        progressValue: 100,
        pageSource: '/resources/qml/Processor.qml',
        details: {
            "badge": "Intel® Core i5 processor",
            "cache": "6144 KB",
            "clock": "4200000"
        }
        testLog: [
            'Starting Cpu Test',
            'Detected Intel CPU',
            'Performing intense calculations',
            'Processing calculations still',
            'Cleaning up',
            'Test Passed'
        ]
    }    
    Memory: {
        name: 'Memory',
        description: 'Kingston 16GB DDR3',
        iconSource: '/resources/images/ram.svg',
        progressValue: 50,
        pageSource: '/resources/qml/Processor.qml',
        details: {
            "device_locator_string": "ChannelB-DIMM1",
            "device_set": 0,
            "error_handle": 65534,
            "extended_size": 0,
            "form_factor": "Unknown"
        },
        testLog: [
            'Starting Memory Test',
            'Detected 2 x RAM modules',
            'Performing intense calculations',
            'Processing calculations still',
            'Cleaning up',
            'Test Failed'
        ]
    }
}