[英]How can I extract submatches using C regex
I have made GNU regex library work exactly as advertised in an extensive text processing alg that I wrote about 2 years ago, but unfortunately that platform is gone and I don't know whether its versions were older or newer than that referenced below.我已经使 GNU 正则表达式库的工作方式与我在大约 2 年前编写的一个广泛的文本处理算法中所宣传的完全一样,但不幸的是,该平台已经消失,我不知道它的版本是比下面引用的版本旧还是新。
Here is the code:这是代码:
// GNU libc version: 2.28
// gcc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0
#include <stdio.h>
#include <regex.h>
int main() {
regex_t preg;
char str[] = "dave";
char regex[] = "\\(.\\)ave";
// flag REG_EXTENDED with unescaped parens in the r.e. doesn't fix anything
int ret, cflags = REG_ICASE;
// the elements of unused pmatches used to be set to -1 by regexec, but no longer. a clue perhaps.
regmatch_t pmatch[2] = {{-1,-1},{-1,-1}};
ret = regcomp(&preg, regex, cflags);
if (ret) {
puts("regcomp fail");
return ret;
}
else
// preg.re_nsub contains the correct number of groups that regcomp recognized in the r.e. Tests succeeded for 0, 1, 2, and 3 groups.
printf("regcomp ok; re_nsub=%zu\n", preg.re_nsub);
ret = regexec(&preg, str, 1, pmatch, 0);
if(ret)
puts("no match");
else {
printf("match offsets are %d %d\n", pmatch[0].rm_so, pmatch[0].rm_eo);
printf("match[0]=%*s<\n", pmatch[0].rm_eo, &str[pmatch[0].rm_so]);
printf("submatch offsets are %d %d\n", pmatch[1].rm_so, pmatch[1].rm_eo);
if(pmatch[1].rm_so != -1)
printf("match[1]=%*s<\n", pmatch[1].rm_eo, &str[pmatch[1].rm_so]);
}
return 0;
}
/*
output:
regcomp ok; re_nsub=1
match offsets are 0 4
match[0]=dave<
submatch offsets are -1 -1
*/
The issue you do not get offsets for the first capturing group is that you pass 1
as the third, size_t __nmatch
, argument to regexec
.您没有获得第一个捕获组的偏移量的问题是您将
1
作为第三个size_t __nmatch
参数传递给regexec
。
The 1
value should be changed to 2
as there will be two groups whenever \(.\)ave
regex matches: Group 0 will be holding the whole match and Group 1 will hold the first capturing group value. 1
值应更改为2
,因为每当\(.\)ave
正则表达式匹配时将有两个组:第 0 组将保存整个匹配,第 1 组将保存第一个捕获组值。
So, you need to use所以,你需要使用
ret = regexec(&preg, str, 2, pmatch, 0);
// ^^^
Also, to print the Group 1 value you can use此外,要打印第 1 组值,您可以使用
if(pmatch[1].rm_so != -1) {
printf("match[1]=%.*s<\n", pmatch[1].rm_eo, &str[pmatch[1].rm_so]);
}
See this C demo :请参阅此 C 演示:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
regex_t preg;
char str[] = "dave";
char regex[] = "\\(.\\)ave";
// flag REG_EXTENDED with unescaped parens in the r.e. doesn't fix anything
int ret, cflags = REG_ICASE;
// the elements of unused pmatches used to be set to -1 by regexec, but no longer. a clue perhaps.
regmatch_t pmatch[2] = {{-1,-1},{-1,-1}};
ret = regcomp(&preg, regex, cflags);
if (ret) {
puts("regcomp fail");
return ret;
}
else
// preg.re_nsub contains the correct number of groups that regcomp recognized in the r.e. Tests succeeded for 0, 1, 2, and 3 groups.
printf("regcomp ok; re_nsub=%zu\n", preg.re_nsub);
ret = regexec(&preg, str, 2, pmatch, 0); // 1 changed to 2 as there is Group 0 (whole match) and Group 1 (for the first capturing group)
if(ret)
puts("no match");
else {
printf("match offsets are %d %d\n", pmatch[0].rm_so, pmatch[0].rm_eo);
printf("match[0]=%*s<\n", pmatch[0].rm_eo, &str[pmatch[0].rm_so]);
printf("submatch offsets are %d %d\n", pmatch[1].rm_so, pmatch[1].rm_eo);
if(pmatch[1].rm_so != -1) {
printf("match[1]=%.*s<\n", pmatch[1].rm_eo, &str[pmatch[1].rm_so]);
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
regcomp ok; re_nsub=1
match offsets are 0 4
match[0]=dave<
submatch offsets are 0 1
match[1]=d<
*/
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