Spring Hibernate NullPointerException 依赖注入

Question

I have a maven project.It has a dao class,an entity class and a junit test case.I am using dependency injection for the dao class but it gives a null pointer exception.I know this is a common error faced in spring but they say this happens when we use the new operator to create an instance of a spring component but I haven't used the new operator for the dao class which is the only class with the @Component annotation.

Entity Class

package com.lti.entity;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Sport {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private int sportId;
    private String sportName;
    
    
    public int getSportId() {
        return sportId;
    }
    public void setSportId(int sportId) {
        this.sportId = sportId;
    }
    public String getSportName() {
        return sportName;
    }
    public void setSportName(String sportName) {
        this.sportName = sportName;
    }
}

Dao Class

package com.lti.dao;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class GenericDao {
    
    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;
    
    @Transactional
    public Object save(Object e) {
        Object obj=em.merge(e);
        return obj;
    }
    
    public Object fetchById(Class c1,Object id) {
        return em.find(c1,id);
    }
    
}

SportTest

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import com.lti.dao.GenericDao;
import com.lti.entity.Sport;

public class SportTest {

    @Autowired
    private GenericDao dao;
    
    @Test
    public void add() {
        Sport s=new Sport();
        s.setSportName("Football");
        dao.save(s);
    }
    
}

app-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- Loading annotated beans -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lti.dao" />

    <!-- DataSource configuration -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource" init-method="createDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE" />
        <property name="username" value="hr" />
        <property name="password" value="hr" />
        <property name="initialSize" value="1" />
    </bean>

    <!-- Spring/Hibernate Integration Settings -->
    <!-- This bean entry below will create the EntityManagerFactory
        & EntityManager object for us. Also we don't need a separate
        META-INF/persistence.xml file as all the required ORM settings
        can be done within this bean configuration itself -->
    <bean id="myEmf" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.lti.entity" /> <!-- Location of @Entity classes -->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter" />
        </property>
        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- This bean entry will take of managing the transactions(begin/commit/rollback) in our code -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="myEmf" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- Enabling support for @Transactional annotation -->
    <tx:annotation-driven />
    
</beans>

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.lti.sample</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-example</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.5</version>
        </dependency>
        
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.30.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
            <version>18.3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

Answer 1

Annotate SportTest class with @SpringBootTest

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import com.lti.dao.GenericDao;
import com.lti.entity.Sport;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class SportTest {

@Autowired
private GenericDao dao;

@Test
public void add() {
    Sport s=new Sport();
    s.setSportName("Football");
    dao.save(s);
}

}