Octave 使用“for”语句同时显示两个动画
[英]Octave using 'for' statement to show two animations simultaneously
问题描述
I would like to make an animation of TOF-MS spectrometer (time-of-flight mass spectrometry) using the 'for' statement.
我想使用“for”语句制作 TOF-MS 光谱仪（飞行时间质谱仪）的 animation。 I am able to make a script which animates the flight of ions inside the tube.我可以制作一个脚本来动画管内的离子飞行。 This is the script:这是脚本：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
endfor
%Print slike
print primjer_tof_ms2.png
Now I would also like to add a spectrum which plots as the ions fly and hit the detector.现在我还想添加一个光谱，该光谱在离子飞行并撞击检测器时绘制。 The spectrum is the sum of Lorentz functions which have the peaks at time moments when the specific ion hits the detector.光谱是洛伦兹函数的总和，该函数在特定离子撞击检测器的时刻具有峰值。 I made a script which animates this plot alone:我制作了一个脚本，单独为这个 plot 设置动画：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
t = 0 : 0.4d-7 : 3d-6;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
for k = 1:length(t)
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
plot (t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (gca, "xtick", []);
set (gca, "ytick", []);
ht = title(['t = ' num2str(t(k)) ' s']);
pause (0.001);
delete (ht);
endfor
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
But when I try to combine these two codes, after the first iteration, only the spectrum plot continues to animate until the end, while the figure with ions as graphical objects stops.但是当我尝试结合这两个代码时，在第一次迭代之后，只有光谱 plot 继续动画直到结束，而以离子作为图形对象的图形停止。 I tried to place both plots in the same 'for' loop:我试图将两个图放在同一个“for”循环中：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
hold on;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
plot (t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (gca, "xtick", []);
set (gca, "ytick", []);
ht = title(['t = ' num2str(t(k)) ' s']);
delete (ht);
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
hold off;
endfor
%Print slike
print primjer_tof_ms2.png
Does anyone have an idea to to animate these two groups of objects on the same figure?有没有人有想法在同一个图形上为这两组对象设置动画？
Thanks in advance.提前致谢。 Best regards,此致，
Igor伊戈尔
1 个解决方案
解决方案1
2 已采纳 2021-06-02 00:03:34
You are creating axes on each iteration of the loop with this line您正在使用这条线在循环的每次迭代中创建axes
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
This also sets them as current ones.这也将它们设置为当前的。 Then, when you do your rectangle thingy, those rectangles are drawn in the small axes you've created for spectrum, which is instantly covered by new ones you create.然后，当你做你的rectangle时，这些矩形被绘制在你为光谱创建的小轴上，这些矩形立即被你创建的新的覆盖。 The first axes that you've created implicitly with axis equal;您隐式创建的第一个轴与axis equal; stay unused for the whole time.一直不使用。
Instead you should create your graphic objects outside the loop and use references to them inside.相反，您应该在循环外部创建图形对象并在内部使用对它们的引用。 Most drawing functions can accept a handle to an axes as their first argument.大多数绘图函数都可以接受轴的句柄作为它们的第一个参数。 Or you can explicitly set current axes before calling drawing functions.或者您可以在调用绘图函数之前显式设置当前轴。 The minimal exsample is:最小的示例是：
h = figure;
ax1 = axes('position',[.1,.5,.4,.4]);
ax2 = axes('position',[.5,.1,.4,.4]);
v = -10;
wmin = 0; dw=0.1; Wmax = 6*pi();
w = [wmin:dw:Wmax];
t0 = 0; dt = 0.01; T = 10;
for t = t0:dt:T;
x = w/Wmax .*cos(w+t*v);
y = w/Wmax .*sin(w+t*v);
plot(ax1,x,y);%specificaly plot to ax1 (also sets it as current)
axes(ax2)%set ax2 as current axis
plot(w,x,w,y);%plot to the current axis
pause(0.1)
end
Then there's also an number of caveats, unexpected behaviors or bugs that depend on chosen graphic toolkit and octave version.然后还有一些警告、意外行为或错误，取决于所选的图形工具包和 octave 版本。 One I've run into while trying your code is that title object gets destroyed by plot , so you have to recreate it instead of updating it's text property.我在尝试您的代码时遇到的一个问题是title object 被plot破坏，因此您必须重新创建它而不是更新它的文本属性。 I vaguely recall having to resort to other workarounds in other situations related to drawing stuff in octave before.我隐约记得以前在与八度音阶绘图相关的其他情况下不得不求助于其他解决方法。 So, an understanding of how it is supposed to work probably helps a bit, giving the documentation a read might be worth it in the long run.因此，了解它应该如何工作可能会有所帮助，从长远来看，阅读文档可能是值得的。 I'd recommend something else but that's all I've got.我会推荐别的东西，但这就是我所拥有的。
Since I've started answering by trying your code, you can have a slightly more working version of it.由于我已经开始通过尝试您的代码来回答，因此您可以使用它的工作版本稍高一些。 No warranty though.虽然没有保修。
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
ax1 = axes();%create axes for particles
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
ax2 = axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);%create axes for spectrum (also activates them)
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (ax2, "xtick", []);
set (ax2, "ytick", []);
axes(ax1)%activate axes for particles
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
axes(ax1)%activate axes for particles
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
hold on;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
plot (ax2,t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);%plot on spectrum axes (activates them)
legend ("off");
set (ax2, "xtick", []);%these properties are reset by each plot, need to set them in loop
set (ax2, "ytick", []);
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
hold off;
endfor
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