有没有更干净的方法将 kwargs 从 class 传递到 function

Question

I'm just getting started with kwargs in python classes, and I'm confident this is a trivial question, but I cannot find a sufficient answer online.

I have a class that with config values that are used in many functions, however there are some calls where the value has to be overruled

Here is a simplified version of my problem with the context of verbosity:

My requirements are:

1. verbose becomes the config value if not declared otherwise

test().func() -> "Verbose = True"

2. verbose becomes the kwarg passed to the class upon init.

test(verbose=False).func() -> "Verbose = False"

3. verbose becomes the kwarg passed to the function upon func call.

test().func(verbose=False) -> "Verbose = False"

4. (optionally but not necessary at the sacrifice of even an extra line of complexity): verbose becomes config even without init

test.func() -> "Verbose = True"

My Solution:

class test():

    CONFIG = {"verbose":True}

    def __init__(self,**kwargs):
        self.__dict__.update(self.CONFIG)
        self.__dict__.update(**kwargs)
    
        
    def func(self=None,**kwargs):
        verbose = kwargs['verbose'] if 'verbose' in kwargs else self.verbose
        print(f"Verbose = {verbose}")

My Problem: This doesn't seem like the right way to tackle the problem. This seems like a convoluted way to handle this, and it feels like there is a built-in or standard solution I'm missing. An even bigger issue is that I don't like that I have to make a line like this for every variable and in every function that I want to treat like this.

Thanks

Answer 1

You can use the get() method with a default.

def funct(self, **kwargs):
    verbose = kwargs.get('verbose', self.verbose)
    print(f"Verbose = {verbose}")

BTW, there's no need for a default for self , since this argument is always passed automatically to methods.

Answer 2

I believe this is what you're looking for:

class test():
    # A class variable will act as a default value for objects.
    verbose = True

    def __init__(self,**kwargs):
        # It's better to use setattr. Modifying __dict__ might bypass some
        # important automated stuff.
        for k, v in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, k, v)
    
    # self must not be None. 'None.verbose' is an error.
    def func(self, **kwargs):
        # Use the get method when the value might not be in the dict.
        verbose = kwargs.get('verbose', self.verbose)
        print(f"Verbose = {verbose}")