如何在 selenium 中的 python 中访问具有相同 xpath 的第二个元素

Question

What I mean is that the website I'm using has 2 dropmenus named province with the exact same id, so how do I tell python which dropmenu in particular I wanna select. Of course this is assuming that the issue is that python always picks the first id it sees

   from selenium import webdriver
   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

   # There are two dropmenu with the same xpath. first time it works fine 
   # 2nd time it throws an error about element not interactable 

   Prov = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]'))
   Prov.select_by_index(2)

def Start():
    # once opened it will fill in the confirm your age
    Day = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="bday_day"]'))
    Day.select_by_index(2)
    Month = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="bday_month"]'))
    Month.select_by_index(4)
    Month = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="bday_year"]'))
    Month.select_by_index(24)
    Prov = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]'))
    Prov.select_by_index(5)
    Button = web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="popup-subscribe"]/button')
    Button.click()

# have to go through select your birthday
Start()
# 2 seconds is enough for the website to load
time.sleep(2)
# this throws and error. 
Prov = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]'))
Prov.select_by_index(5)

Answer 1

Selenium has functions

• find_element_by_... without s in word element to get only first element
• find_elements_by_... with s in word elements to get all elements

Selenium doc: 4. Locating Elements¶

So you can get all elements as list (even if there is only one element in HTML)
(if there is no elements then you get empty list)

elements = web.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]')

and later slice it

first  = elements[0] 
second = elements[1] 

last   = elements[-1]

list_first_and_second = elements[:1] 

---

EDIT:

You can also try to slice directly in xpath like
(it starts counting at one, not zero)

'//*[@id="province"][2]'

or maybe

'(//*[@id="province"])[2]'

but I never used it to confirm if it will work.

---

BTW:

All ID should have unique names - you shouldn't duplicate IDs.

If you check documentation 4. Locating Elements¶ then you see that there is find_element_by_id without char s in word element - to get first and the only element with some ID - but there is no find_elements_by_id with char s in word elements - to get more then one element with some ID.

---

EDIT:

Minimal working code with example HTML in code

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

html = '''
<select id="province">
<option value="value_A">A</options>
<option value="value_B">B</options>
</select>
<select id="province">
<option value="value_1">1</options>
<option value="value_2">2</options>
</select>
'''

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("data:text/html;charset=utf-8," + html)

all_elements = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]')

first  = all_elements[0] 
second = all_elements[1] 

prov1 = Select(first)
prov2 = Select(second)

print('--- first ---')
for item in prov1.options:
    print('option:', item.text, item.get_attribute('value'))
for item in prov1.all_selected_options:
    print('selected:', item.text, item.get_attribute('value'))
    
print('--- second ---')
for item in prov2.options:
    print('option:', item.text, item.get_attribute('value'))
for item in prov2.all_selected_options:
    print('selected:', item.text, item.get_attribute('value'))

---

EDIT:

There are two province .

When you use find_element in Start then you get first province in popup - and you can fill it. When you click button then it closes this popup but it doesn't remove first province from HTML - it only hide it.

Later when you use find_element you get again first province in hidden popup - and this time it is not visible and it can't use it - and this gives error. You have to use second province like in this example.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
import time

def Start():
    
    # once opened it will fill in the confirm your age
    Day = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="bday_day"]'))
    Day.select_by_index(2)
    Month = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="bday_month"]'))
    Month.select_by_index(4)
    Month = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="bday_year"]'))
    Month.select_by_index(24)

    # it uses first `province`
    Prov = Select(web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]'))
    Prov.select_by_index(5)
    Button = web.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="popup-subscribe"]/button')
    Button.click()

web = webdriver.Firefox()
web.get('https://www.tastyrewards.com/en-ca/contest/fritolaycontest/participate')

# have to go through select your birthday
Start()

# 2 seconds is enough for the website to load
time.sleep(2)

# `find_elements` with `s` - to get second `province`
all_province = web.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="province"]')
second_province = all_province[1]

Prov = Select(second_province)
Prov.select_by_index(5)