在 tkinter、时钟应用程序中的帧之间切换

Question

Good day, guys. I've got a problem with switching between frames in tkinter. I'm trying to make a clock app with time, stopwatch, timer and alarm. If I click on the first frame it's working, but if I select the second frame it's breaks. The previous frame just don't open because the second frame refreshing too fast (lbl.after). Can you help me with switching between frames?

from tkinter import *
from tkmacosx import *
from time import strftime

root = Tk()
root.title('Time')
root.geometry('500x500')
root.resizable(False, False)

counter = -1
running = False

def time_frame():
    string = strftime("%H:%M:%S %A %d %Y")
    frame_time = Frame(root, width = 480, height = 410, bg = 'gray70')
    frame_time.place(x = 10, y = 80)
    lbl1 = Label(frame_time, text = list, width = 32, height = 10, font = ('Arial', 25))
    lbl1.place(x = 10, y = 80)
    lbl1.config(text=string)
    lbl1.after(1000, time_frame)

def stopwatch_frame():
    frame_stopwatch = Frame(root, width = 480, height = 410, bg = 'gray70')
    frame_stopwatch.place(x = 10, y = 80)
    lbl2 = Label(frame_stopwatch, text = '0', width = 25, height = 5, font = ('Arial', 25))
    lbl2.place(x = 10, y = 80)
    start_button = Button(frame_stopwatch, width = 80, height = 40, text = 'Start')
    start_button.place(x = 10, y = 240)
    stop_button = Button(frame_stopwatch, width = 80, height = 40, text = 'Stop')
    stop_button.place(x = 100, y = 240)
    reset_button = Button(frame_stopwatch, width = 80, height = 40, text = 'Reset')
    reset_button.place(x = 190, y = 240)
    lbl2.after(1, stopwatch_frame)

frame_top = Frame(root, width = 500, height = 70, bg = 'gray64')
frame_top.place(x = 0, y = 0)

time_btn = Button(frame_top, text = 'Time', width = 50, height = 50, command = time_frame)
time_btn.place(x = 10, y = 10)

stopwatch_btn = Button(frame_top, text = 'Stopwatch', width = 50, height = 50, font = ('Arial', 9), command = stopwatch_frame)
stopwatch_btn.place(x = 80, y = 10)

timer_btn = Button(frame_top, text = 'Timer', width = 50, height = 50)
timer_btn.place(x = 150, y = 10)

alarm_btn = Button(frame_top, text = 'Alarm', width = 50, height = 50)
alarm_btn.place(x = 220, y = 10)

root.mainloop()

Answer 1

Here is a simplified example of a clock and stop watch class.

import tkinter as tk
from tkmacosx import *
from time import strftime, process_time

class timer:

    delaya = None
    delayb = None

    def __init__( self ):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title('Time')
        self.buttona = tk.Button( self.root, text = 'clock', width = 40, command = self.setclock )
        self.buttonb = tk.Button( self.root, text = 'watch', width = 40, command = self.setwatch )
        self.buttona.grid( row=0, column=0, sticky='ew' )
        self.buttonb.grid( row=0, column=1, sticky='ew' )
        self.root.update_idletasks()
        self.root.resizable( False, False )

    def clock( self ):
        self.root.after_cancel( self.delaya )
        self.delaya = None
        self.buttona[ 'text' ] = strftime("%H:%M:%S %A %d %Y")
        self.delaya = self.root.after( 1000, self.clock )

    def watch( self ):
        self.root.after_cancel( self.delayb )
        self.delayb = None
        self.buttonb[ 'text' ] = f'{process_time():0.5f}'
        self.delayb = self.root.after( 1, self.watch )

    def setclock( self ):
        if self.delaya == None:
            self.delaya = self.root.after( 1000, self.clock )
        else:
            self.root.after_cancel( self.delaya )
            self.delaya = None
            self.buttona[ 'text' ] = 'clock'

    def setwatch( self ):
        if self.delayb == None:
            self.delayb = self.root.after( 1, self.watch )
        else:
            self.root.after_cancel( self.delayb )
            self.delayb = None
            self.buttonb[ 'text' ] = 'watch'

if __name__ == '__main__':

    device = timer( )
    tk.mainloop()