python中的可继承自定义class构造函数

Question

How can I implement a custom constructor (class method) that is inheritable in python?

The following minimized example might give an idea:

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Type, TypeVar

T = TypeVar("T")


@dataclass
class Parent:
    something: int = 2

    @classmethod
    def from_float(cls: Type[T], something_as_float: float) -> T:
        return Type[T](something=int(something_as_float))


@dataclass
class Child(Parent):
    """ Should also be constructible via from_float
    """


assert isinstance(Parent.from_float(1.0), Parent)
assert isinstance(Child.from_float(1.0), Child)

mypy does not like the constructor I call when returning from from_float. I don't know how to refer to class (Parent or Child) from the class method.

Answer 1

Pass the bound argument to TypeVar to specify that the type is a subclass of Parent . This lets mypy know that the type has the something attribute

When you create the instance use cls not Type[T]

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Type, TypeVar

T = TypeVar("T", bound='Parent')


@dataclass
class Parent:
    something: int = 2

    @classmethod
    def from_float(cls: Type[T], something_as_float: float) -> T:
        return cls(something=int(something_as_float))


@dataclass
class Child(Parent):
    pass


assert isinstance(Parent.from_float(1.0), Parent)
assert isinstance(Child.from_float(1.0), Child)