如何从 Java TreeMap 中的给定键进行迭代

Question

I have a TreeMap, and want to get a set of K smallest keys (entries) larger than a given value.

I know we can use higherKey(givenValue) get the one key, but then how should I iterate from there?

One possible way is to get a tailMap from the smallest key larger than the given value, but that's an overkill if K is small compared with the map size.

Is there a better way with O(logn + K) time complexity?

Answer 1

The error here is thinking that tailMap makes a new map. It doesn't. It gives you a lightweight object that basically just contains a field pointing back to the original map, and the pivot point, that's all it has. Any changes you make to a tailMap map will therefore also affect the underlying map, and any changes made to the underlying map will also affect your tailMap.

for (KeyType key : treeMap.tailMap(pivot).keySet()) {
}

The above IS O(logn) complexity for the tailMap operation, and give that you loop, that adds K to the lot, for a grand total of O(logn+K) time complexity, and O(1) space complexity, where N is the size of the map and K is the number of keys that end up being on the selected side of the pivot point (so, worst case, O(nlogn) ).

If you want an actual copied-over map, you'd do something like:

TreeMap<KeyType> tm = new TreeMap<KeyType>(original.tailMap(pivot));

Note that this also copies over the used comparator, in case you specified a custom one. That one really is O(logn + K) in time complexity (and O(K) in space complexity). Of course, if you loop through this code, it's.. still O(logn + K) (because 2K just boils down to K when talking about big-O notation).