ESLint - 错误：必须使用导入来加载 ES 模块

Question

I am currently setting up a boilerplate with React, TypeScript, styled components, Webpack , etc., and I am getting an error when trying to run ESLint :

Error: Must use import to load ES Module

Here is a more verbose version of the error:

/Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/src/api/api.ts
  0:0  error  Parsing error: Must use import to load ES Module: /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/eslint/node_modules/eslint-scope/lib/definition.js
require() of ES modules is not supported.
require() of /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/eslint/node_modules/eslint-scope/lib/definition.js from /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/babel-eslint/lib/require-from-eslint.js is an ES module file as it is a .js file whose nearest parent package.json contains "type": "module" which defines all .js files in that package scope as ES modules.
Instead rename definition.js to end in .cjs, change the requiring code to use import(), or remove "type": "module" from /Users/ben/Desktop/development projects/react-boilerplate-styled-context/node_modules/eslint/node_modules/eslint-scope/package.json

The error occurs in every single one of my.js and.ts/.tsx files where I only use import or the file doesn't even have an import at all. I understand what the error is saying, but I don't have any idea why it is being thrown when in fact I only use imports or even no imports at all in some files.

Here is my package.json file where I trigger the linter from using npm run lint:eslint:quiet :

{
  "name": "my-react-boilerplate",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.tsx",
  "directories": {
    "test": "test"
  },
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=14.0.0"
  },
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js",
    "dev": "webpack serve --config webpack.dev.js",
    "lint": "npm run typecheck && npm run lint:css && npm run lint:eslint:quiet",
    "lint:css": "stylelint './src/**/*.{js,ts,tsx}'",
    "lint:eslint:quiet": "eslint --ext .ts,.tsx,.js,.jsx  ./src --no-error-on-unmatched-pattern --quiet",
    "lint:eslint": "eslint --ext .ts,.tsx,.js,.jsx  ./src --no-error-on-unmatched-pattern",
    "lint:eslint:fix": "eslint --ext .ts,.tsx,.js,.jsx  ./src --no-error-on-unmatched-pattern --quiet --fix",
    "test": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test jest --coverage",
    "test:watch": "cross-env NODE_ENV=test jest --watchAll",
    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
    "precommit": "npm run lint"
  },
  "lint-staged": {
    "*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}": [
      "npm run lint:eslint:fix",
      "git add --force"
    ],
    "*.{md,json}": [
      "prettier --write",
      "git add --force"
    ]
  },
  "husky": {
    "hooks": {
      "pre-commit": "npx lint-staged && npm run typecheck"
    }
  },
  "resolutions": {
    "styled-components": "^5"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.5.4",
    "@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties": "^7.5.0",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.5.4",
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.0.0",
    "@types/history": "^4.7.6",
    "@types/react": "^17.0.29",
    "@types/react-dom": "^17.0.9",
    "@types/react-router": "^5.1.17",
    "@types/react-router-dom": "^5.1.5",
    "@types/styled-components": "^5.1.15",
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.0.0",
    "babel-cli": "^6.26.0",
    "babel-eslint": "^10.0.2",
    "babel-loader": "^8.0.0-beta.6",
    "babel-polyfill": "^6.26.0",
    "babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
    "babel-preset-react": "^6.24.1",
    "babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.24.1",
    "clean-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.0",
    "dotenv-webpack": "^7.0.3",
    "error-overlay-webpack-plugin": "^1.0.0",
    "eslint": "^8.0.0",
    "eslint-config-airbnb": "^18.2.0",
    "eslint-config-prettier": "^8.3.0",
    "eslint-config-with-prettier": "^6.0.0",
    "eslint-plugin-compat": "^3.3.0",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.25.2",
    "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "^6.2.3",
    "eslint-plugin-prettier": "^4.0.0",
    "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.14.2",
    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^4.2.0",
    "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.2",
    "file-loader": "^6.2.0",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.3.2",
    "husky": "^7.0.2",
    "prettier": "^2.4.1",
    "raw-loader": "^4.0.2",
    "style-loader": "^3.3.0",
    "stylelint": "^13.13.1",
    "stylelint-config-recommended": "^5.0.0",
    "stylelint-config-styled-components": "^0.1.1",
    "stylelint-processor-styled-components": "^1.10.0",
    "ts-loader": "^9.2.6",
    "tslint": "^6.1.3",
    "typescript": "^4.4.4",
    "url-loader": "^4.1.1",
    "webpack": "^5.58.2",
    "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^4.3.1",
    "webpack-merge": "^5.3.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "history": "^4.10.0",
    "process": "^0.11.10",
    "react": "^17.0.1",
    "react-dom": "^17.0.1",
    "react-router-dom": "^5.2.0",
    "styled-components": "^5.2.1"
  }
}

Here is my.eslintrc file:

{
  "extends": ["airbnb", "prettier"],
  "parser": "babel-eslint",
  "plugins": ["prettier", "@typescript-eslint"],
  "parserOptions": {
    "ecmaVersion": 8,
    "ecmaFeatures": {
      "experimentalObjectRestSpread": true,
      "impliedStrict": true,
      "classes": true
    }
  },
  "env": {
    "browser": true,
    "node": true,
    "jest": true
  },
  "rules": {
    "arrow-body-style": ["error", "as-needed"],
    "class-methods-use-this": 0,
    "react/jsx-filename-extension": 0,
    "global-require": 0,
    "react/destructuring-assignment": 0,
    "import/named": 2,
    "linebreak-style": 0,
    "import/no-dynamic-require": 0,
    "import/no-named-as-default": 0,
    "import/no-unresolved": 2,
    "import/prefer-default-export": 0,
    "semi": [2, "always"],
    "max-len": [
      "error",
      {
        "code": 80,
        "ignoreUrls": true,
        "ignoreComments": true,
        "ignoreStrings": true,
        "ignoreTemplateLiterals": true
      }
    ],
    "new-cap": [
      2,
      {
        "capIsNew": false,
        "newIsCap": true
      }
    ],
    "no-param-reassign": 0,
    "no-shadow": 0,
    "no-tabs": 2,
    "no-underscore-dangle": 0,
    "react/forbid-prop-types": [
      "error",
      {
        "forbid": ["any"]
      }
    ],
    "import/no-extraneous-dependencies": ["error", { "devDependencies": true }],
    "react/jsx-no-bind": [
      "error",
      {
        "ignoreRefs": true,
        "allowArrowFunctions": true,
        "allowBind": false
      }
    ],
    "react/no-unknown-property": [
      2,
      {
        "ignore": ["itemscope", "itemtype", "itemprop"]
      }
    ]
  }
}

And I'm not sure if it is relevant, but here is also my tsconfig.eslint.json file:

{
  "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
  "include": ["./src/**/*.ts", "./src/**/*.tsx", "./src/**/*.js"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules/**", "build/**", "coverage/**"]
}

How can I fix this?

Googling the error does not present any useful forums or raised bugs. Most of them just state not to use require in your files which I am not.

Answer 1

I think the problem is that you are trying to use the deprecated babel-eslint parser , last updated a year ago, which looks like it doesn't support ES6 modules. Updating to the latest parser seems to work, at least for simple linting.

So, do this:

• In package.json, update the line "babel-eslint": "^10.0.2", to "@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.5.4", . This works with the code above but it may be better to use the latest version, which at the time of writing is 7.16.3.
• Run npm i from a terminal/command prompt in the folder
• In .eslintrc, update the parser line "parser": "babel-eslint", to "parser": "@babel/eslint-parser",
• In .eslintrc, add "requireConfigFile": false, to the parserOptions section (underneath "ecmaVersion": 8, ) (I needed this or babel was looking for config files I don't have)
• Run the command to lint a file

Then, for me with just your two configuration files, the error goes away and I get appropriate linting errors.

Answer 2

This can happen with quite a lot of lately released frameworks like VueJS or Nuxt, mostly because of the usage of ESM modules (not fully or at all supported by older Node.js versions).

The fastest approach for this is to use something like nvm , after installing it, you could run:

• nvm i 16 (v16 is the latest LTS as of time of writing)
• nvm use 16

And you'll be running the project with a full ESM support.
You can double check that by running node -v .

Answer 3

Create React App 2021-November

Error

Error: Must use import to load ES Module

To fix the error, I did the following:

1. Eject the configuration file and dependencies

Note: this is a one-way operation. Once you eject , you can't go back!

yarn eject

2. Remove babel-eslint and babel-preset-react-app

Delete babel-eslint and babel-preset-react-app :

package.json

  "devDependencies": {
    ...
    "babel-eslint": "^10.1.0",  <-- DELETE
    "babel-preset-react-app": "^10.0.0",  <-- DELETE

3. Add @babel/eslint-parser and @babel/preset-react

Add the latest versions of @babel/eslint-parser and @babel/preset-react :

package.json

  "devDependencies": {
    ...
    "@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.16.3",  <-- ADD
    "@babel/preset-react": "^7.16.0",  <-- ADD

4. Add "parser": "@babel/eslint-parser"

Find the key eslintConfig in package.json and add "parser": "@babel/eslint-parser" :

  ...
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": [
      "react-app",
      "react-app/jest"
    ],
    "parser": "@babel/eslint-parser"
  },

5. Update npm dependencies

yarn install

Answer 4

在 Visual Studio 代码中，删除 Eslint 扩展，然后重新安装。

Answer 5

For React Native setup using eslint-config-react-native-community package

I did what the accepted answer suggesting to do but I had no "babel-eslint": "^10.0.2", line in my package.json of the root folder.

• Go to node_modules/@react-native-community/eslint-config
• Edit package.json, change "babel-eslint": "^10.0.2", to "@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.18.2",
• Edit index.js, change "parser": "babel-eslint", to parser: '@babel/eslint-parser',
• Go to root folder of your project and npm i -D @babel/eslint-parser
• Run the lint command

It worked for me this way.

Answer 6

I followed @rich-n advice from a comment above, and according to this :

go to .eslintrc.js and make sure you have the following settings:

module.exports = {
  parser: "@babel/eslint-parser",
  parserOptions: {
    requireConfigFile: false,
    babelOptions: {
      babelrc: false,
      configFile: false,
      // your babel options
      presets: ["@babel/preset-env"],
    },
  },
};

doing this removed all the "red" marks from vscode:)

Answer 7

The problem can be easily resolved by changing the file extension of.eslintrc from js to json (exporting the.eslintrc object using ESM format in.eslintrc.js just doesn't work).

Answer 8

If you did all above and still fails, reload your vscode.

Answer 9

I just delete node_modules , and re installed through npm install , and now it works.

Answer 10

Faced a similar error while using reactful by Samer Buna. Resolved by following the directions at Rich N's answer .

Answer 11

"@babel/eslint-parser" depends on "@babel/core". So after "npm install @babel/eslint-parser -S", u should npm i @babel/core -S