从模块中获取类而无需实际运行文件

Question

Going on this question of mine , my goal now is to parse a Python file, and to

1. Extract all classes
2. Extract the list of its attributes and list of bases classes

Without loading the file (running it).

Currently, I have this working code:

parser.py

import ast

def get_classes(path):
    with open(path) as fh:        
       root = ast.parse(fh.read(), path)
    classes = []
    for node in ast.iter_child_nodes(root):
        if isinstance(node, ast.ClassDef):
            classes.append(node.name)
        else: 
            continue
    return classes
    
for c in get_classes('a.py'):
    print(c)

File to be parsed:

from c import CClass
    
class MyClass(UndefinedClass):
    name = 'Edgar'

    def foo(self, x):
        print(x)


def func():
    print('Hello')

The good part of this solution is that I get the list of class names even given that file a.py contains invalid python code. Looks like I have to dig deeper into AST module. Is there any way I can extract the list of class attributes and its base classes ?

Answer 1

You can use recursion to traverse the ast produced by ast.parse . The solution below performs this search not only in the main input file but in any subsequent imported files as well:

import ast, importlib
class Parse:
   def __init__(self):
      self.c = {}
   def walk(self, tree, f = None):
      if isinstance(tree, ast.ClassDef):
         self.c[tree.name] = {'bases':[i.id for i in tree.bases], 'attrs':[]}
         for i in tree.body:
             self.walk(i, tree.name)
      elif isinstance(tree, (ast.ImportFrom, ast.Import)):
         for i in (k if isinstance((k:=getattr(tree, 'module', tree.names)), list) else [k]):
             with open(importlib.machinery.PathFinder().find_module(getattr(i, 'name', i)).get_filename()) as f:
                self.walk(ast.parse(f.read()))
      elif isinstance(tree, ast.Assign) and f is not None:
         self.c[f]['attrs'].append(tree.targets[0].id)
      else:
         for i in getattr(tree, '_fields', []):
            for j in (k if isinstance((k:=getattr(tree, i)), list) else [k]):
               self.walk(j, None)

---

Putting it all together with your two original files:

File c.py:

c_var = 2

class CClass:
   name = 'Anna'

File a.py:

from c import CClass
    
class MyClass(UndefinedClass):
    name = 'Edgar'

    def foo(self, x):
        print(x)


def func():
    print('Hello')

p = Parse()
with open('a_mod_test.py') as f:
   p.walk(ast.parse(f.read()))

print(p.c)

Output:

{'CClass': {'bases': [], 'attrs': ['name']}, 'MyClass': {'bases': ['UndefinedClass'], 'attrs': ['name']}}

Answer 2

A ClassDef node has a bases attribute which is a list of nodes representing the base classes for the class. It also has a body attribute which is a list of nodes representing the body of the class definition. I suppose you want the Assign nodes in the body, but maybe you mean something slightly different by class attributes.

https://docs.python.org/3/library/ast.html#ast.ClassDef