如何使用 C 以编程方式更改设置以使 Linux 终端中字符的宽度和高度相同而没有任何间距？

Question

I'm trying to implement the snake game for Linux terminal with C programming language.

Here is the code for the background which is simply a set of "walls".

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("\033[H");
    printf("\033[J");
    for (int j = 0; j < 22; j++)
        printf("**");
    printf("\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        printf("**");
        for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++)
            printf("  ");
        printf("**");
        printf("\n");
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < 22; j++)
        printf("**");
    printf("\n");
    printf("done\n");
    return 0;
}

Here is what I got in the terminal

and this when replacing " " with "00"

I'm not sure if it's some kind of spacing between lines of the terminal window. It's necessary for normal use, but not for a console game.

How do I change the settings programmatically with C to make the width and height of characters the same without any spacing, like the one shown below?

In other words, how do I make 20 rows by 20 columns of characters giving a square area with C?

Answer 1

Use ncursesw, and you can use Unicode Block Elements (█ ▌ ▐ ▀ ▄ ▖▗ ▘ ▙ ▚ ▛ ▜▝ ▞ ▟ and ░ ▒ ▓) and Box Drawing characters (─ ┐┌ │└ ┘├ ┤┬ ┴ ┼ ═ ╗ ╔ ║╚ ╝╠ ╣ ╦ ╩ ╬ ╒╓ ╕╖╘╙ ╛╜╞╟╡╢╤ ╥ ╧ ╨ ╪ ╫) and other Unicode characters like Geometric Shapes (■□▣▪▫◤◣◢◥ ▤ ▥ ▦ ▧ ▨ ▩ ● ◎ ◉ ◌ ○ ◯), depending on the glyphs provided by the font you use in your terminal.

(If you want a more square glyphs, just pick a more square font, like Courier New. Most monospaced fonts are rather rectangular, taller than they are wide, though.)

For wide character constants and wide strings, you prepend an L before the quotes. For example, L'▒' is the wide character constant specifying medium fill, and L"╔═╤═══╤══╗" is a wide string containing ten wide characters.

(Wide does not mean visually wide, it is just what the C standard calls these facilities. Normal and wide I/O cannot be mixed in the same stream. For ncurses, ncurses is the standard non-wide terminal curses library, and ncursesw is the wide version.)

As a bonus, you get nonblocking keyboard input support, for making your own terminal games (like rogue or nethack ).

Note that I don't use Windows, so I don't know how well WSL/WSL2 supports wide I/O yet. In the past, native windows programs needed some additional calls for wide I/O, but ncurses 6.2 INSTALL file says it now has code to support Windows command line too. The question is tagged linux , and ncursesw works fine in basically all terminal types in Linux, Mac OS, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, etc.