无法编译 grpc c++ helloworld 示例

Question

I use Ubuntu 20.04 with the following OpenSSL version:

nirupamix@nirupamix:~grpc/examples/cpp/helloworld/cmake/build ((v1.41.1))$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020

I installed grpc (v.1.41.1) from github with cmake/make/make install, and then tried to compile example/cpp/helloworld. I got an error involving OpenSSL that I can't manage to work out:

nirupamix@nirupamix:~/grpc/examples/cpp/helloworld/cmake/build ((v1.41.1))$ make
[  5%] Generating helloworld.pb.cc, helloworld.pb.h, helloworld.grpc.pb.cc, helloworld.grpc.pb.h
Scanning dependencies of target hw_grpc_proto
[ 11%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hw_grpc_proto.dir/helloworld.grpc.pb.cc.o
[ 16%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hw_grpc_proto.dir/helloworld.pb.cc.o
[ 22%] Linking CXX static library libhw_grpc_proto.a
[ 22%] Built target hw_grpc_proto
Scanning dependencies of target greeter_async_client2
[ 27%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/greeter_async_client2.dir/greeter_async_client2.cc.o
[ 33%] Linking CXX executable greeter_async_client2
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(json_token.cc.o): in function `compute_and_encode_signature(grpc_auth_json_key const*, char const*, char const*)':
json_token.cc:(.text+0xedb): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_create'
/usr/bin/ld: json_token.cc:(.text+0xf98): undefined reference to `EVP_DigestSignUpdate'
/usr/bin/ld: json_token.cc:(.text+0x10a5): undefined reference to `EVP_MD_CTX_destroy'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `init_openssl()':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x32): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `peer_property_from_x509_common_name(x509_st*, tsi_peer_property*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x5c5): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_free'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `add_pem_certificate(x509_st*, tsi_peer_property*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x654): undefined reference to `BIO_get_mem_data'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `add_subject_alt_names_properties_to_peer(tsi_peer*, stack_st_GENERAL_NAME*, unsigned long, int*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x8f3): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_free'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x96f): undefined reference to `OPENSSL_free'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `ssl_ctx_use_certificate_chain(ssl_ctx_st*, char const*, unsigned long)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x12e8): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `populate_ssl_context(ssl_ctx_st*, tsi_ssl_pem_key_cert_pair const*, char const*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x192f): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `tsi_set_min_and_max_tls_versions(ssl_ctx_st*, tsi_tls_version, tsi_tls_version)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x1cf0): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x1d03): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x1d4d): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x1d60): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `ssl_protector_protect(tsi_frame_protector*, unsigned char const*, unsigned long*, unsigned char*, unsigned long*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x2040): undefined reference to `BIO_pending'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `ssl_protector_protect_flush(tsi_frame_protector*, unsigned char*, unsigned long*, unsigned long*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x233a): undefined reference to `BIO_pending'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x2453): undefined reference to `BIO_pending'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `tsi_ssl_get_cert_chain_contents(stack_st_X509*, tsi_peer_property*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x28b4): undefined reference to `BIO_get_mem_data'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `ssl_handshaker_get_bytes_to_send_to_peer(tsi_ssl_handshaker*, unsigned char*, unsigned long*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x2ff8): undefined reference to `BIO_should_retry'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x3039): undefined reference to `BIO_pending'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `ssl_handshaker_process_bytes_from_peer(tsi_ssl_handshaker*, unsigned char const*, unsigned long*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x327f): undefined reference to `BIO_pending'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `ssl_bytes_remaining(tsi_ssl_handshaker*, unsigned char**, unsigned long*)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x33de): undefined reference to `BIO_pending'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `create_tsi_ssl_handshaker(ssl_ctx_st*, int, char const*, tsi_ssl_handshaker_factory*, tsi_handshaker**)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x3918): undefined reference to `SSL_set_tlsext_host_name'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `tsi_create_ssl_client_handshaker_factory_with_options(tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_options const*, tsi_ssl_client_handshaker_factory**)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x4739): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `tsi_create_ssl_server_handshaker_factory_with_options(tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_options const*, tsi_ssl_server_handshaker_factory**)':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x4e1a): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_ticket_keys'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x5073): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text+0x5098): undefined reference to `SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_arg'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_X509_NAME_new_null':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_X509_NAME_new_null[sk_X509_NAME_new_null]+0x9): undefined reference to `sk_new_null'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_X509_NAME_pop_free':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_X509_NAME_pop_free[sk_X509_NAME_pop_free]+0x2a): undefined reference to `sk_pop_free_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_X509_NAME_push':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_X509_NAME_push[sk_X509_NAME_push]+0x23): undefined reference to `sk_push'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_X509_num':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_X509_num[sk_X509_num]+0x18): undefined reference to `sk_num'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_X509_value':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_X509_value[sk_X509_value]+0x23): undefined reference to `sk_value'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_GENERAL_NAME_num':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_GENERAL_NAME_num[sk_GENERAL_NAME_num]+0x18): undefined reference to `sk_num'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_GENERAL_NAME_value':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_GENERAL_NAME_value[sk_GENERAL_NAME_value]+0x23): undefined reference to `sk_value'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(ssl_transport_security.cc.o): in function `sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free':
ssl_transport_security.cc:(.text.sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free[sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free]+0x2a): undefined reference to `sk_pop_free_ex'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgrpc.a(aes_gcm.cc.o): in function `aes_gcm_get_openssl_errors()':
aes_gcm.cc:(.text+0x57): undefined reference to `BIO_get_mem_ptr'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(dso_dlfcn.o): in function `dlfcn_globallookup':
dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x17): undefined reference to `dlopen'
/usr/bin/ld: dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x2a): undefined reference to `dlsym'
/usr/bin/ld: dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x35): undefined reference to `dlclose'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(dso_dlfcn.o): in function `dlfcn_bind_func':
dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x1b7): undefined reference to `dlsym'
/usr/bin/ld: dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x282): undefined reference to `dlerror'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(dso_dlfcn.o): in function `dlfcn_load':
dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x2f5): undefined reference to `dlopen'
/usr/bin/ld: dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x369): undefined reference to `dlclose'
/usr/bin/ld: dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x3a5): undefined reference to `dlerror'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(dso_dlfcn.o): in function `dlfcn_pathbyaddr':
dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x466): undefined reference to `dladdr'
/usr/bin/ld: dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x4d7): undefined reference to `dlerror'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(dso_dlfcn.o): in function `dlfcn_unload':
dso_dlfcn.c:(.text+0x6b8): undefined reference to `dlclose'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/greeter_async_client2.dir/build.make:127: greeter_async_client2] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:90: CMakeFiles/greeter_async_client2.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:84: all] Error 2

Has anyone ever encountered anything like this? Thanks in advance!

Answer 1

Did you try to follow the quick start guide ?

It worked perfectly for me.

• Setup Choose a directory to hold locally installed packages. This page assumes that the environment variable MY_INSTALL_DIR holds this directory path. For example:

  $ export MY_INSTALL_DIR=$HOME/.local

Ensure that the directory exists:

 $ mkdir -p $MY_INSTALL_DIR

Add the local bin folder to your path variable, for example:

 $ export PATH="$MY_INSTALL_DIR/bin:$PATH"

Install cmake You need version 3.13 or later of cmake. Install it by following these instructions:

Linux:

 $ sudo apt install -y cmake

macOS:

 $ brew install cmake

For general cmake installation instructions, see Installing CMake.

Check the version of cmake:

 $ cmake --version cmake version 3.19.6

Under Linux, the version of the system-wide cmake can often be too old. You can install a more recent version into your local installation directory as follows:

 $ wget -q -O cmake-linux.sh https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.19.6/cmake-3.19.6-Linux-x86_64.sh $ sh cmake-linux.sh -- --skip-license --prefix=$MY_INSTALL_DIR $ rm cmake-linux.sh

Install other required tools Install the basic tools required to build gRPC:

Linux:

 $ sudo apt install -y build-essential autoconf libtool pkg-config

macOS:

 $ brew install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config

Clone the grpc repo Clone the grpc repo and its submodules:

 $ git clone --recurse-submodules -b v1.42.0 https://github.com/grpc/grpc

Build and install gRPC and Protocol Buffers While not mandatory, gRPC applications usually leverage Protocol Buffers for service definitions and data serialization, and the example code uses proto3.

The following commands build and locally install gRPC and Protocol Buffers:

 $ cd grpc $ mkdir -p cmake/build $ pushd cmake/build $ cmake -DgRPC_INSTALL=ON \ -DgRPC_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$MY_INSTALL_DIR \../.. $ make -j $ make install $ popd

Important We strongly encourage you to install gRPC locally — using an appropriately set CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX — because there is no easy way to uninstall gRPC after you've installed it globally.