如何/应该如何隐藏C ++静态成员变量和函数？

Question

m_MAX and ask() are used by run() but should otherwise not be public. How can/should this be done?

#include <vector>
class Q {
public:
    static int const m_MAX=17;
    int ask(){return 4;}
};
class UI {
private:
    std::vector<Q*> m_list;
public:
    void add(Q* a_q){m_list.push_back(a_q);}
    int run(){return Q::m_MAX==m_list[0]->ask();}
};
int main()
{
    UI ui;
    ui.add(new Q);
    ui.add(new Q);
    int status = ui.run();
}

Answer 1

You could define both m_MAX and ask() within the private section of class Q. Then in Q add: "friend class UI". This will allow UI to access the private members of Q, but no one else. Also note that UI must be defined before the "friend class UI" statement. A forward declaration will work.

Answer 2

一个简单的解决方案-将m_MAX和ask（）设为私有，并使UI成为Q的朋友。

Answer 3

Yep, declaring UI as friend of Q is the answer to what you ask. An alternative solution could be to make Q a private nested class of UI:

#include <vector>

class UI {
private:
    class Q {
    public:
        static int const m_MAX=17;
        int ask(){return 4;}
    };

    std::vector<Q*> m_list;

public:
    void addNewQ(){m_list.push_back(new Q);}
    int run(){return Q::m_MAX==m_list[0]->ask();}
};

int main()
{
    UI ui;
    ui.addNewQ();
    ui.addNewQ();
    int status = ui.run();
}

Now, nothing of Q is visible outside UI. (Which may or may not be what you want.)

Answer 4

The simplest solution would be to remove m_MAX from the class and put it in an anonymous namespace in the .cpp file in which both Q::ask and UI::run are defined. Since it's a static const you gain nothing by having it as part of the class declaration.