为什么多次调用 DB

Question

I am playing with R2DBC using Postgre SQL. The usecase i am trying is to get the Film by ID along with Language, Actors and Category. Below is the schema

this is the corresponding piece of code in ServiceImpl

@Override
public Mono<FilmModel> getById(Long id) { 
    Mono<Film> filmMono = filmRepository.findById(id).switchIfEmpty(Mono.error(DataFormatException::new)).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic());
    Flux<Actor> actorFlux = filmMono.flatMapMany(this::getByActorId).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic());
    Mono<String> language = filmMono.flatMap(film -> languageRepository.findById(film.getLanguageId())).map(Language::getName).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic());
    Mono<String> category = filmMono.flatMap(film -> filmCategoryRepository
                    .findFirstByFilmId(film.getFilmId()))
            .flatMap(filmCategory -> categoryRepository.findById(filmCategory.getCategoryId()))
            .map(Category::getName).subscribeOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic());

    return Mono.zip(filmMono, actorFlux.collectList(), language, category)
            .map(tuple -> {
                FilmModel filmModel = GenericMapper.INSTANCE.filmToFilmModel(tuple.getT1());
                List<ActorModel> actors = tuple
                        .getT2()
                        .stream()
                        .map(act -> GenericMapper.INSTANCE.actorToActorModel(act))
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
                filmModel.setActorModelList(actors);
                filmModel.setLanguage(tuple.getT3());
                filmModel.setCategory(tuple.getT4());
                return filmModel;
            });
         }

The logs show 4 calls to film

2021-12-16 21:21:20.026 DEBUG 32493 --- [ctor-tcp-nio-10] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT film.* FROM film WHERE film.film_id = $1 LIMIT 2]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.026 DEBUG 32493 --- [actor-tcp-nio-9] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT film.* FROM film WHERE film.film_id = $1 LIMIT 2]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.026 DEBUG 32493 --- [ctor-tcp-nio-12] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT film.* FROM film WHERE film.film_id = $1 LIMIT 2]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.026 DEBUG 32493 --- [actor-tcp-nio-7] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT film.* FROM film WHERE film.film_id = $1 LIMIT 2]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.162 DEBUG 32493 --- [actor-tcp-nio-9] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT language.* FROM language WHERE language.language_id = $1 LIMIT 2]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.188 DEBUG 32493 --- [actor-tcp-nio-7] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT film_actor.actor_id, film_actor.film_id, film_actor.last_update FROM film_actor WHERE film_actor.film_id = $1]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.188 DEBUG 32493 --- [ctor-tcp-nio-10] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT film_category.film_id, film_category.category_id, film_category.last_update FROM film_category WHERE film_category.film_id = $1 LIMIT 1]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.313 DEBUG 32493 --- [ctor-tcp-nio-10] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT category.* FROM category WHERE category.category_id = $1 LIMIT 2]
2021-12-16 21:21:20.563 DEBUG 32493 --- [actor-tcp-nio-7] o.s.r2dbc.core.DefaultDatabaseClient     : Executing SQL statement [SELECT actor.* FROM actor WHERE actor.actor_id = $1 LIMIT 2]

I am not trying to look for SQL optimizations(joins etc).I can definitely make it more performant. But the question in point is why i do see 4 SQL queries to Film table. Just to add i have already fixed the code. But not able to understand the core reason.Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

I'm not terribly familiar with your stack, so this is a high-level answer to hit on your "Why". There WILL be a more specific answer for you, somewhere down the pipe (eg someone that can confirm whether this thread is relevant).

While I'm no Spring Daisy (or Spring dev), you bind an expression to filmMono that resolves as the query select film.* from film.... . You reference that expression four times, and it's resolved four times, in separate contexts. The ordering of the statements is likely a partially-successful attempt by the lib author to lazily evaluate the expression that you bound locally, such that it's able to batch the four accidentally identical queries. You most likely resolved this by collecting into an actual container, and then mapping on that container instead of the expression bound to filmMono .

In general, this situation is because the options available to library authors aren't good when the language doesn't natively support lazy evaluation. Because any operation might alter the dataset, the library author has to choose between:

• A, construct just enough scaffolding to fully record all resources needed, copy the dataset for any operations that need to mutate records in some way, and hope that they can detect any edge-cases that might leak the scaffolding when the resolved dataset was expected (getting this right is...hard).
• B, resolve each level of mapping as a query, for each context it appears in, lest any operations mutate the dataset in ways that might surprise the integrator (eg you).
• C, as above, except instead of duplicating the original request, just duplicate the data...at every step. Pass-by-copy gets real painful real fast on the JVM, and languages like Clojure and Scala handle this by just making the dev be very specific about whether they want to mutate in-place, or copy then mutate.

In your case, B made the most sense to the folks that wrote that lib. In fact, they apparently got close enough to A that they were able to batch all the queries that were produced by resolving the expression bound to filmMono (which are only accidentally identical), so color me a bit impressed.

Many access patterns can be rewritten to optimize for the resulting queries instead. Your milage may vary...wildly. Getting familiar with raw SQL, or else a special-purpose language like GraphQL, can give much more consistent results than relational mappers, but I'm ever more appreciative of good IDE support, and mixing domains like that often means giving up auto-complete, context highlighting, lang-server solution-proofs and linting.

Given that the scope of the question was "why did this happen?", even noting my lack of familiarity with your stack, the answer is "lazy evaluation in a language that doesn't natively support it is really hard."

Answer 2

Why I do see 4 SQL queries to Film table.

The reason is quite simple. You are subscribing to the Mono<Film> 4 times:

Mono<Film> filmMono = filmRepository.findById(id);

Flux<Actor> actorFlux = filmMono.flatMapMany(...); (1)
Mono<String> language = filmMono.flatMap(...); (2)
Mono<String> category = filmMono.flatMap(...); (3)
Mono.zip(filmMono, actorFlux.collectList(), language, category) (4)

Each subscription to the filmMono triggers a new query. Note that, you can change that by using Mono#cache operator to turn filmMono into a hot source and cache the result for all four subscribers.