Laravel 5.4：SQLSTATE[HY000]：一般错误：1005 无法创建表“外键约束格式不正确”

Question

I'm using Laravel 5.4 and I have added this Migration:

public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('episodes', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->integer('course_id')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('course_id')->references('id')->on('courses')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('type', 10);
            $table->string('title');
            $table->string('slug');
            $table->text('description');
            $table->text('body');
            $table->string('videoUrl');
            $table->string('tags');
            $table->string('time', 15)->default('00:00:00');
            $table->integer('number');
            $table->integer('viewCount')->default(0);
            $table->integer('commentCount')->default(0);
            $table->integer('downloadCount')->default(0);
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

Now when I run php artisan migrate , I get this error:

SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table elearning . episodes (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table episodes add constraint episodes_course_id_foreign foreign key ( course_id ) references courses ( id ) on delete cascade)

I also tried this but still gets the same error:

$table->unsignedBigInteger('course_id');

So how can I properly run this Migration? I'm really stuck with this, please help me out...

---

USERS MIGRATTION:

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->string('level')->default('user');
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });

Course Migration :

Schema::create('courses', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('type', 10);
            $table->string('title');
            $table->string('slug');
            $table->text('description');
            $table->text('body');
            $table->string('price',50);
            $table->string('imageUrl');
            $table->string('tags');
            $table->string('time', 15)->default('00:00:00');
            $table->integer('viewCount')->default(0);
            $table->integer('commentCount')->default(0);
            $table->timestamps();
        });

Answer 1

Rather than use:

$table->increments('id');

you should use:

$table->id();

(it's just easier).

To create your foreign relationships, rather than have

$table->integer('course_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('course_id')->references('id')->on('courses')->onDelete('cascade');

you can just use:

$table->foreignId('course_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();

which will automatically create a column of the right type (unsigned big integer) and then create the relationship by looking for the id column on the courses table.

EDIT

As you're using an older version of Laravel, you cannot use the id() function, so just create the course_id column as a big integer:

$table->bigInteger('course_id')->unsigned();

and then create your relationship as before.

Answer 2

One problem maybe you are not making unsignedBigInteger as course_id

 Schema::create('episodes', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->unsignedBigInteger('course_id')->index('course_id');  
        $table->string('type', 10);
        $table->string('title');
        $table->string('slug');
        $table->text('description');
        $table->text('body');
        $table->string('videoUrl');
        $table->string('tags');
        $table->string('time', 15)->default('00:00:00');
        $table->integer('number');
        $table->integer('viewCount')->default(0);
        $table->integer('commentCount')->default(0);
        $table->integer('downloadCount')->default(0);
        $table->timestamps();

        $table->index( [ 'created_at', 'updated_at' ] );

       //Constraint
        $table->foreign('course_id')->references('id')->on('courses')->onDelete('cascade');

   });

OR

The second problem may be you are not making your migrations is not ruing sequence, for example, first users table need to be run then courses then episodes