处理 bash 脚本中的特殊字符

Question

I'm not familiar with bash scripting. Maybe this is a silly question. But I couldn't find the answer. I'm working on a bash script that mimics the behavior of the command ls -sh but that actually uses du -sh to get file and folder sizes. And it sorts the output. pretty much like du -sh* | sort -h du -sh* | sort -h with colors.

#!/usr/bin/bash

if [ "$#" = "0" ]
then
    du -sh *|awk -f /path/to/color-ls.awk|sort -h
else
    du -sh $@|awk -f /path/to/color-ls.awk|sort -h
fi

where ls-color.awk is:

# color-ls.awk
size=$1;
name=$2;
for (i=3; i<=NF; i++)
{
    tmp=(name " " $i);
    name=tmp
}
# filename=($0 ~ /'/)? ("\"" name "\""):("'" name "'")
filename=("'" name "'")
printf $1 " "
cmd=("ls -d " filename " --color")
system(cmd)

an awk script that uses ls --color to color the output of du -sh

My scripts works fine with most file names even ones containing spaces. but it has some problems involving special characters that I didn't know how to fix.

1. When run without arguments:

It is interpreting any file name that contains single quotes causing an error

sh: 1: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string

2. When run with arguments:

The same problem as without arguments. And it's interpreting a file name with spaces as two names.

example: when used on a folder named VirtualBox VMs or when given * as an argument in my home directory here's it's output:

du: cannot access 'VirtualBox': No such file or directory
du: cannot access 'VMs': No such file or directory

3. What I want:

I want the script to skip special characters and pass them as they are to du

4. What I tried:

I tried adding double quotes before and after each file name

parse(){
    for arg in $@
    do
        printf "\"$arg\"\n"
    done
}

but it didn't seem to work. du doesn't accept quotes appended to the file name.

du: cannot access '"VirtualBox': No such file or directory
du: cannot access 'VMs"': No such file or directory

Also, replacing quotes with \' doesn't help ether. maybe I'm just doing it wrong.

# du -sh $(printf "file'name\n" |sed "s/'/\\\'/g")
du: cannot access 'file\'\''name': No such file or directory
# ls file\'name 
"file'name"

Same goes for spaces

du: cannot access 'VirtualBox\': No such file or directory
du: cannot access 'VMs': No such file or directory

5. Extra:

I wanted to make the script works as normal ls -sh would work but with sorted output and with more accurate results when it comes to folders. but this script works like ls -sh -d when arguments are supplied to it. making lh Desktop shows the size of Desktop instead of the size of the individual files and folders inside Desktop. I believe this can be fixed with a loop that checks if each argument is a file or a folder and execute du -sh accordingly then sort.

#!/usr/bin/bash

if [ "$#" = "0" ]
then
    du -sh *|awk -f /path/to/color-ls.awk|sort -h
else
    for i in $@
    do
        if [[ -d "$i" ]]; then
            du -sh $i/* |awk -f /path/to/color-ls.awk
        else
            du -sh "$i" |awk -f /path/to/color-ls.awk
        fi
    done|sort -h
fi

But for some reason it didn't work

# lh Desktop/
du: cannot access 'Desktop/*': No such file or directory

whereas using du -sh Desktop/* usually works in interactive shell.

Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

Since you didn't include shopt -s nullglob , it's likely that Desktop/* didn't expand to any file which is odd unless there really are no files there, you have enabled nullglob in interactive mode, and du -sh doesn't actually display the sizes of the files in Desktop .

It's also likely that you're calling the script from where Desktop/ doesn't exist.

You can add a debug statement which prints $PWD . You can also try running the script with bash -x .

In your script I suggest enabling nullglob and then modifying it so du -sh isn't called if target directory contains no files.

Something like:

set -- "$i"/*; [[ $# -gt 0 ]] && du -sh -- "$@" ...

Also $@ should be quoted when being expanded.

for i in "$@"; do

This can be simplified to for i; do for i; do , but we will modify the positional parameters inside the loop so we expand "$@" instead.

You can also choose to store the expanded files inside an array as well.

Answer 2

Please do not post so much in one question. Please one problem per question. One script per question, etc.

Make sure to check your scripts with shellcheck . It will catch your mistakes. See https://mywiki.wooledge.org/Quotes .

1. When run without arguments:

filename=("'" name "'") inside awk script is a invalid way to pass anything with ' quotes to system() call, so you are getting unterminated ' error, as expected. Fix the script, or better rewrite it in Bash, no need for awk, maybe in Python or Perl.

2. When run with arguments:

$@ undergoes word splitting and filename expansion (topics you should research), and word splitting the input into words on spaces. Use "$@" . Qoute the expansions.

3. What I want:

You'll be doing that with "$@"

4. What I tried:

The variable content is irrelevant. You have to change the way you use the variable, not it's content. Ie use quotes.

5. Extra:

You did not quote the expansion. Use "$i" not $i . It's "$i"/* .