[英]Why is the output order different from the call order when using fprintf with stdout or stderr?
My environment is Debian GNU/Linux 11.我的环境是 Debian GNU/Linux 11。
The fprintf
function with param stdout
or stderr
gives unexpected output order.带有参数
stdout
或stderr
的fprintf
function 给出了意外的 output 订单。
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
fprintf(stderr, "22222\n");
fprintf(stdout, "111\n");
printf("3333 \n");
printf("44444 \n");
return 0;
}
I've run this many times and got many different results:我已经运行了很多次并得到了许多不同的结果:
//①
22222
Hello, World!
111
3333
44444
//②
Hello, World!
111
3333
44444
22222
What's the reason?什么原因? Or, I want to understand the phenomenon, what knowledge do I need?
或者,我想了解现象,需要什么知识?
On my understanding, the output log should like this:据我了解,output 日志应该是这样的:
//③
Hello, World!
22222
111
3333
44444
About the two output logs of ①/②, I don't understand.关于①/②的两条output日志,看不懂。
I think log ③ is right, but it does not appear, that makes me wonder.我认为日志③是对的,但它没有出现,这让我感到奇怪。
The output is never like ② because output to stderr
isn't buffered so 22222
will be flushed immediately and would be before any other numbers. output永远不会像②,因为output 到
stderr
没有被缓冲,所以22222
将立即被刷新,并且会在任何其他数字之前。 Output to stdout
may be line-buffered (default on Linux) or full-buffered (default on Windows) Output 到
stdout
可以是行缓冲的(Linux 上的默认值)或全缓冲的(Windows 上的默认值)
The output shouldn't be like ① either because you're already flushing with std::endl
in the first line , hence Hello, World!
output 也不应该像①,因为你已经在第一行用
std::endl
刷新了,因此Hello, World!
would be printed first.将首先打印。 That's why never use
std::endl
unless you really know what it's doing.这就是为什么永远不要使用
std::endl
,除非你真的知道它在做什么。 Always use std::cout << "Hello, World;\n";
始终使用
std::cout << "Hello, World;\n";
. . See "std::endl" vs "\n"
参见“std::endl”与“\n”
③ should be the correct output because on Linux it'll flush on every statement, and on Windows the final 3 writes to stdout
are flushed at once at the end ③ 应该是正确的 output 因为在 Linux 上它会在每条语句上刷新,在 Windows 上,最后 3 次写入到
stdout
结束时立即刷新
Hello, World!
22222
111
3333
44444
If there are any differences then there are some issues with your stdlib如果有任何差异,那么您的 stdlib 存在一些问题
By default the legacy and C++ streams are also synchronized so it's possible to mix both types of streams with some performance penalty.默认情况下 ,legacy 和 C++ 流也是同步的,因此可以混合两种类型的流,但会带来一些性能损失。 You can disable it like this
你可以像这样禁用它
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
to get better performance but now the Hello, World!
为了获得更好的性能,但现在是
Hello, World!
string can be printed anywhere字符串可以在任何地方打印
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