通过作为 const 传递给 function 来设置结构中数组的大小 - 非类型模板参数不是常量表达式

Question

User sets k at running time. This number will be constant for the rest of the code. I want to create a function to pass and create a struct that includes an array of size k with that number. However, the compiler returns this error:

Non-type template argument is not a constant expression

Any recommendation will be appreciated.

The code is like:

template <int N>
struct UL {
    unsigned long ul [N];
};

void func(const int k){
    UL<k> x;  //problem is here
}

int main () {
    int k;
    cin >> k;
    func(k);
    return 0;
}

Answer 1

Variable k is set at runtime, so when the code is being compiled, the compiler doesn't know what the value of k is. You can't do this. But if you know what your k value is going to be and the range of values it can be is limited, you can create your struct for each possible value of k and choose the matching class at runtime. Of course this is not probably what you want. You just need to be able to distinguish between what is known at compile-time and at runtime. Templated literals (I hope I used the right name) are a compile-time feature of C++.

Answer 2

Templates are processed at compile-time only. You can't pass a run-time variable, like a function parameter, to a template. For what you are trying to do, you will have to use std::vector instead, eg:

#include <vector>

struct UL {
    std::vector<unsigned long> ul;
};

void func(const int k){
    UL x;
    x.ul.resize(k);
}

int main () {
    int k;
    cin >> k;
    func(k);
    return 0;
}

Answer 3

A fundamental principle about templates is that:

Any template argument must be a quantity or value that can be determined at compile time .

This has dramatic advantages on the runtime cost of template entities.

But in your example, k is not a compile time constant and you're using it as a template argument and so as a consequence of the above quoted statement you get the error.

To solve your problem you can use a std::vector as shown below:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

struct UL {
    std::vector<unsigned long> ul;
    
    //constructor
    UL(int k): ul(k) //this creates vector ul of size k
    {
        std::cout<<"size of vector set to: "<<ul.size()<<std::endl;
    }
};

void func(const int k){
    UL x(k);  //pass k as argument to constructor
}

int main () {
    int k; 
    std::cin >> k;
    
    func(k);
    return 0;
}

The output of the program can be seen here .