替换以相同模式开头的连续行块

Question

I'd like to match (and replace with a custom replacement function) each block of consecutive lines that all start by foo . This nearly works:

import re

s = """bar6387
bar63287
foo1234
foohelloworld
fooloremipsum
baz
bar
foo236
foo5382
bar
foo879"""

def f(m):
    print(m)

s = re.sub('(foo.*\n)+', f, s)
print(s)
# <re.Match object; span=(17, 53), match='foo1234\nfoohelloworld\nfooloremipsum\n'>
# <re.Match object; span=(61, 76), match='foo236\nfoo5382\n'>

but it fails to recognize the last block, obviously because it is the last line and there is no \n at the end.

Is there a cleaner way to match a block of one or multiple consecutive lines starting with same pattern foo ?

Answer 1

Here is an re.findall approach:

s = """bar6387
bar63287
foo1234
foohelloworld
fooloremipsum
baz
bar
foo236
foo5382
bar
foo879"""

lines = re.findall(r'^foo.*(?:\nfoo.*(?=\n|$))*', s, flags=re.M)
print(lines)
# ['foo1234\nfoohelloworld\nfooloremipsum',
   'foo236\nfoo5382',
   'foo879']

The above regex runs in multiline mode, and says to match:

^                     from the start of a line
foo                   "foo"
.*                    consume the rest of the line
(?:\nfoo.*(?=\n|$))*  match newline and another "foo" line, 0 or more times

Edit:

If you need to replace/remove these blocks, then use the same pattern with re.sub and a lambda callback:

output = re.sub(r'^foo.*(?:\nfoo.*(?=\n|$))*', lambda m: "BLAH", s, flags=re.M)
print(output)

This prints:

bar6387
bar63287
BLAH
baz
bar
BLAH
bar
BLAH

Answer 2

Do you really need a regex? Here is a itertools.groupby based approach:

from itertools import groupby
import re

# dummy example function
f = lambda x: '>>'+x.upper()+'<<'

out= '\n'.join(f(G) if (G:='\n'.join(g)) and k else G
               for k,g in groupby(s.split('\n'), lambda l: l.startswith('foo')))

print(out)

NB. you don't need a regex, but you can also use a regex if needed to define the matching lines in groupby

# using a regex to match the blocks:
out= '\n'.join(f(G) if (G:='\n'.join(g)) and k else G
               for k,g in  groupby(s.split('\n'),
                                   lambda l: bool(re.match('foo', l))
                                   ))

ouput:

bar6387
bar63287
>>FOO1234
FOOHELLOWORLD
FOOLOREMIPSUM<<
baz
bar
>>FOO236
FOO5382<<
barfoo
bar
>>FOO879<<

Answer 3

You can use

re.sub(r'(?m)^foo.*(?:\nfoo.*)*', f, s)
re.sub(r'^foo.*(?:\nfoo.*)*', f, s, flags=re.M)

where

• ^ - matches start of string (here, a start of any line due to (?m) or re.M option)
• foo - matches foo
• .* - any zero or more chars other than line break chars as many as possible
• (?:\nfoo.*)* - zero or more sequences of a newline, foo and then the rest of the line.

See the Python demo :

import re

s = "bar6387\nbar63287\nfoo1234\nfoohelloworld\nfooloremipsum\nbaz\nbar\nfoo236\nfoo5382\nbar\nfoo879"
def f(m):
    print(m.group().replace('\n', r'\n'))

re.sub(r'(?m)^foo.*(?:\nfoo.*)*', f, s)

Output:

foo1234\nfoohelloworld\nfooloremipsum
foo236\nfoo5382
foo879