我可以避免使用“值”属性来实际检索枚举中元素的值吗？

Question

Imagine a class that works like a container of database table information (table names and columns).

This is an implementation.

class Tables(Enum):

    class Table1: 
        """ documentation for first table """
        NAME = "My First Table"
        COL11 = "col11"
        COL12 = "col12"
        COL13 = "col13"

    class Table2: 
        """ documentation for second table """
        NAME = "My Second table"
        COL21 = "col21"
        COL22 = "col22"
        COL23 = "col23"

My goal would be to access the value of the enum (which are the classes Table1 or Table2 ) without explicitly calling the value attributes.

So if for example I want to concatenate the first two columns of the first table I want to write

TABLES.TABLE1.COL1 + TABLES.TABLE1.COL2

instead of

TABLES.TABLE1.value.COL1 + TABLES.TABLE1.value.COL2

I need the class Tables to be an enum since I need to iterate over it and I need single tables to be classes because I want to add a small documentation on each of them.

Answer 1

You can use a namedtuple for the outer Tables class and normal classes for the actual table definitions:

from collections import namedtuple

class Table: pass

class Table1(Table): 
    """ documentation for first table """
    NAME = "My First Table"
    COL11 = "col11"
    COL12 = "col12"
    COL13 = "col13"

class Table2(Table): 
    """ documentation for second table """
    NAME = "My Second table"
    COL21 = "col21"
    COL22 = "col22"
    COL23 = "col23"

Tables = namedtuple("Tables", (t.__name__ for t in Table.__subclasses__()))
TABLES = Tables(*Table.__subclasses__())

This allows writing TABLES.Table1.COL11 and also allows iterating over TABLES .
Inheritance and __subclasses__ is only used to add the table classes automatically to the namedtuple.

Answer 2

If all you need is your class to be iterable, you can use a use a metaclass. Register your nested class to participate in the iteration by inheriting from .Value

class BagOfClass(type):
    class Value:
        pass

    def __iter__(klass):
        for attr_value in vars(klass).values():
            if isinstance(attr_value, type) and issubclass(
                attr_value, BagOfClass.Value
            ):
                yield attr_value


class Tables(metaclass=BagOfClass):
    class Table1(BagOfClass.Value):
        """documentation for first table"""

        NAME: str = "My First Table"
        COL11: str = "col11"
        COL12: str = "col12"
        COL13: str = "col13"

    class Table2(BagOfClass.Value):
        """documentation for second table"""

        NAME: str = "My Second table"
        COL21: str = "col21"
        COL22: str = "col22"
        COL23: str = "col23"


print(*[table.NAME for table in Tables])