为什么只运行mysql5.7的本地需要libmysqlclient.21.dylib？

Question

On my local I've got mysql@5.7 running. And I have an application which relies on mysql, but got interesting error:

    File "/xxx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from . import _mysql
    ImportError: dlopen(/xxx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so, 2): Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib
    Referenced from: /xxx/lib/python3.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-37m-darwin.so
    Reason: image not found

1. Now only mysql@5.7 runs on my local, so I can see I've got /usr/local/opt/mysql@5.7/lib/libmysqlclient.20.dylib , but I never have /usr/local/opt/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.21.dylib . And why is it needed here? libmysqlclient.21.dylib is only provided by mysql8.0+

2. What is site-packages/MySQLdb doing? Guess connect to my local mysql? Then why it's asking 21.dylib which doesn't exist?

Answer 1

I just ran into the same issue (using python 3.8), and thanks to Bill Karwin's answer was able to fix it by reinstalling mysqlclient with —-no-cache option, to make sure the wheel gets rebuilt:

pip uninstall mysqlclient
pip install mysqlclient —-no-cache

Here is the sequence of events that led to the libmysqlclient.21.dylib error in my case:

• installed mysql via Homebrew, which installed mysql@8
• pip-installed a bunch of dependencies for a project, including mysqlclient
• realized I actually needed mysql@5.7 for the project, downgraded mysql
• ran the project and saw the error about missing libmysqlclient.21.dylib because the mysqlclient wheel was built while mysql@8 was installed

Answer 2

MySQLdb is a Python 2 module implemented in C, and it links to the libmysqlclient. If you have a binary of MySQLdb that was compiled against a MySQL 8.0 client library, then it would have a fixed reference to libmysqlclient21.dylib, and if that library is not present, that would cause the error you saw.

MySQLdb is also not compatible with Python 3, and I would hope you use Python 3 by now .

You can use PyMySQL as a substitute for MySQLdb. PyMySQL is all-Python, so it should not reference any libmysqlclient.

Alternatively, use MySQL-Connector Python .