如何覆盖千层面中非线性函数的梯度？

Question

I have a model, for which i need to compute the gradients of output wrt the model's input. But I want to apply some custom gradients for some of the nonlinearity functions applied on some of the model's layers. So i tried the idea explained here , which computes the nonlinear rectifier (RELU) in the forward pass but modifies the gradients of Relu in the backward pass. I added the following two classes:

• The helper class that allows us to replace a nonlinearity with an Op that has the same output, but a custom gradient

class ModifiedBackprop(object): def __init__(self, nonlinearity): self.nonlinearity = nonlinearity self.ops = {} # memoizes an OpFromGraph instance per tensor type def __call__(self, x): # OpFromGraph is oblique to Theano optimizations, so we need to move # things to GPU ourselves if needed. if theano.sandbox.cuda.cuda_enabled: maybe_to_gpu = theano.sandbox.cuda.as_cuda_ndarray_variable else: maybe_to_gpu = lambda x: x # We move the input to GPU if needed. x = maybe_to_gpu(x) # We note the tensor type of the input variable to the nonlinearity # (mainly dimensionality and dtype); we need to create a fitting Op. tensor_type = x.type # If we did not create a suitable Op yet, this is the time to do so. if tensor_type not in self.ops: # For the graph, we create an input variable of the correct type: inp = tensor_type() # We pass it through the nonlinearity (and move to GPU if needed). outp = maybe_to_gpu(self.nonlinearity(inp)) # Then we fix the forward expression... op = theano.OpFromGraph([inp], [outp]) # ...and replace the gradient with our own (defined in a subclass). op.grad = self.grad # Finally, we memoize the new Op self.ops[tensor_type] = op # And apply the memoized Op to the input we got. return self.ops[tensor_type](x)

• The subclass that does guided backpropagation through a nonlinearity:

 class GuidedBackprop(ModifiedBackprop): def grad(self, inputs, out_grads): (inp,) = inputs (grd,) = out_grads dtype = inp.dtype print('It works') return (grd * (inp > 0).astype(dtype) * (grd > 0).astype(dtype),)

• Then i used them in my code as follows:

 import lasagne as nn model_in = T.tensor3() # model_in = net['input'].input_var nn.layers.set_all_param_values(net['l_out'], model['param_values']) relu = nn.nonlinearities.rectify relu_layers = [layer for layer in nn.layers.get_all_layers(net['l_out']) if getattr(layer, 'nonlinearity', None) is relu] modded_relu = GuidedBackprop(relu) for layer in relu_layers: layer.nonlinearity = modded_relu prop = nn.layers.get_output( net['l_out'], model_in, deterministic=True) for sample in range(ini, batch_len): model_out = prop[sample, 'z'] # get prop for label 'z' gradients = theano.gradient.jacobian(model_out, wrt=model_in) # gradients = theano.grad(model_out, wrt=model_in) get_gradients = theano.function(inputs=[model_in], outputs=gradients) grads = get_gradients(X_batch) # gradient dimension: X_batch == model_in(64, 20, 32) grads = np.array(grads) grads = grads[sample]

Now when i run the code, it works without any error, and the shape of the output is also correct. But that's because it executes the default theano.grad function and not the one supposed to override it. In other words, the grad() function in the class GuidedBackprop never been invoked.

1. I can't understand what is the issue?
2. is there's a solution?
3. If this is an unresolved issue, is there's an implementation for a Theano Op that can achieve such a functionality or some other way to override gradient for specific nonlinearity functions applied on some of the model's layers?

Answer 1

Are you try to set it back the value of model output into model layer input, all gradients calculation

group_1_ShoryuKen_Left = tf.constant([ 0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0 ], shape=(1, 1, 48), dtype=tf.float32)

## layer_2 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(256, kernel_initializer=tf.constant_initializer(1.))
layer_2 = tf.keras.layers.LSTM(32, kernel_initializer=tf.constant_initializer(1.))
b_out =  layer_2(group_1_ShoryuKen_Left)
layer_2.set_weights(layer_1.get_weights())