如何持久化和加载数据类的所有属性

Question

I want to persist all attributes of an object which is an instance of a dataclass. Then I want to load back that object from the files that I persisted.

Here it is an example that fullfills the task:

from dataclasses import dataclass
import pickle


@dataclass
class Circle:
    radius: float
    centre: tuple

    def save(self, path: str):
        name = ".".join(("radius", "pkl"))
        with open("/".join((path, name)), "wb") as f:
            pickle.dump(self.radius, f)
        name = ".".join(("centre", "pkl"))
        with open("/".join((path, name)), "wb") as f:
            pickle.dump(self.centre, f)

    @classmethod
    def load(cls, path):
        my_model = {}
        name = "radius"
        file_name = ".".join((name, "pkl"))
        with open("\\".join((path, file_name)), "rb") as f:
            my_model[name] = pickle.load(f)
        name = "centre"
        file_name = ".".join((name, "pkl"))
        with open("\\".join((path, file_name)), "rb") as f:
            my_model[name] = pickle.load(f)
        return cls(**my_model)

>>> c = Circle(2, (0, 0))
>>> c.save(r".\Circle")
>>> c_loaded = Circle.load(r".\Circle")
>>> c_loaded == c
True

As you can see I need to repeat the same code for every attribute, what is a better way to do it?

Answer 1

In the save method it use self.__dict__ . That contains all attribute names and values as a dictionary. Load is a classmethod so there is no __dict__ at that stage. However, cls.__annotations__ contains attribute names and types, still stored in a dictionary.

Here it is the end result:

from dataclasses import dataclass
import pickle

@dataclass
class Circle:
    radius: float
    centre: tuple

    def save(self, path):
        for name, attribute in self.__dict__.items():
            name = ".".join((name, "pkl"))
            with open("/".join((path, name)), "wb") as f:
                pickle.dump(attribute, f)

    @classmethod
    def load(cls, path):
        my_model = {}
        for name in cls.__annotations__:
            file_name = ".".join((name, "pkl"))
            with open("/".join((path, file_name)), "rb") as f:
                my_model[name] = pickle.load(f)
        return cls(**my_model)