Rust - 生命周期 - 了解对自身的可变引用的生命周期错误

Question

I'm sure this is a duplicate, but I can't find a question which matches my question, exactly since I have a couple extra requirements because I have to adhere to some traits that I can't control.

Here is my code. I apologize for the sort of convoluted example, but this was the most I could minimize it as I am trying to implement a custom serialization format using the serde library.

// Doesn't really matter what this struct contains, it just needs an owning method
struct SideStruct;
impl SideStruct {
    fn something_side<A: TraitA>(&self, aval: A) {
        println!("something sideways :)");
        aval.something_a(42)
    }
}

trait TraitA {
    fn something_a(&mut self, data: u32); // this would be the meat of my logic
}

// Note that this struct has an explicit lifetime
struct MainStruct<'a> {
    refr: &'a mut u32
}

// Note that I implement for a mutable reference to MainStruct
impl<'a> TraitA for &'a mut MainStruct<'a> {
    fn something_a(&mut self, data: u32) {
        // Completely arbitrary, can safely ignore this function body
        *self.refr += data;
        println!("We're finally doing something: {}", self.refr);
    }
}

// Implementing for MainStruct itself
impl<'a> MainStruct<'a> {
    // Note, I can't change the signature for this function because it implements a trait
    fn something_indirect(&mut self, ss: &SideStruct) {
        // here is where the error occurs!
        ss.something_side(self)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut base_val: u32 = 42;
    let ss = SideStruct {};
    let mut main_val = MainStruct { refr: &mut base_val };
    main_val.something_indirect(&ss);
}

This is the error I got:

error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime due to conflicting requirements
  --> src/main.rs:28:27
   |
28 |         ss.something_side(self)
   |                           ^^^^
   |
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the anonymous lifetime defined here...
  --> src/main.rs:27:27
   |
27 |     fn something_indirect(&mut self, ss: &SideStruct) {
   |                           ^^^^^^^^^
note: ...so that the expression is assignable
  --> src/main.rs:28:27
   |
28 |         ss.something_side(self)
   |                           ^^^^
   = note: expected `&mut MainStruct<'a>`
              found `&mut MainStruct<'a>`
note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the lifetime `'a` as defined here...
  --> src/main.rs:26:6
   |
26 | impl<'a> MainStruct<'a> {
   |      ^^
note: ...so that the types are compatible
  --> src/main.rs:28:12
   |
28 |         ss.something_side(self)
   |            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   = note: expected `<&mut MainStruct<'a> as TraitA>`
              found `<&mut MainStruct<'_> as TraitA>`

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0495`.

I don't know what the compiler means when it states that note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the anonymous lifetime defined here... . Does it mean that some constraint forces self to not outlast the method something_indirect ? That makes no sense. Also the message so that the expression is assignable confuses me. MainStruct should not be assigned when something_side is called on it right? Since I implemented TraitA for a mutable reference to MainStruct , shouldn't I be able to call something_side with a mutable reference to MainStruct by passing self ? Anyways, thanks for the help, and have a great day!

Answer 1

The trouble is that in order to use the method defined, you must borrow the MainStruct as mutable with an anonymous lifetime. In the code you wrote, you not only borrow the things within MainStruct for 'a , but also MainStruct itself. This is unnecessary since the borrow has an inferred lifetime. You can fix this by removing the 'a in the trait impl

impl<'a> TraitA for &mut MainStruct<'a> {
    /*...*/
}

This should do the exact same thing, but removes the bug. The bug is trying to tell you that the code you wrote is buggy, because it borrows MainStruct using a lifetime in the struct itself.