从 python 中的列表项中解析特定字符串

Question

I have the following code in python, which contains log messages to debug SSH.

for log_item in ssh_log:
   print(log_item.rstrip())

#will show ...
2022-04-06 01:55:15,085 10.x Remote version/idstring: SSH-2.0-ConfD-4.3.11.4
2022-04-06 01:55:15,085 20.x Connected (version 2.0, client ConfD-4.3.11.4)
2022-04-06 01:55:15,161 10.x kex algos:['diffie-hellman-group14-sha1'] server key:['ssh-rsa']
...

What is the approach to get the values in bold assign my variables, maybe some regex as part of the for loop or something else to get the following:

idstring = SSH-2.0-ConfD-4.3.11.4
kex_algos = ['diffie-hellman-group14-sha1']
key_type = ['ssh-rsa']

Answer 1

If all the data is in the same format as the data given here, You can use the following regex:

import re
a = """
2022-04-06 01:55:15,085 10.x Remote version/idstring: SSH-2.0-ConfD-4.3.11.4
2022-04-06 01:55:15,085 20.x Connected (version 2.0, client ConfD-4.3.11.4)
2022-04-06 01:55:15,161 10.x kex algos:['diffie-hellman-group14-sha1'] server key:['ssh-rsa']"""

idstring = re.findall("idstring: (.*)", a)[0] # Remove zero to get a list if 
                                              # multiple values are present
print(idstring)
kex_algos = re.findall("algos:\['(.*)'\] ", a)
print(kex_algos)
key_type = re.findall("key:\['(.*)'\]", a)
print(key_type)

Output:

'SSH-2.0-ConfD-4.3.11.4'
['diffie-hellman-group14-sha1']
['ssh-rsa']

Answer 2

Solution without regex. See comments inline below.

for log_item in ssh_log:
    line = log_item.rstrip()
    if 'idstring' in line:
        print('idstring = ',line.split(':')[-1]) #Pick last value after ':'
    if 'kex algos' in line:
        print('kex algos = ', line[line.find('['):line.find(']')+1]) #find between first set of square brackets.
    if 'key:' in line:
        key = line.split('key:')[1] #Get values after 'key:'
        print('key_type = ', key)

You can update prints to variable assignments if this is what you required.

Answer 3

You can also use ttp template to parse your data if your data has similar structure.

from ttp import ttp
import json

with open("log.txt") as f:
    data_to_parse = f.read()

ttp_template = """
{{ignore}} {{ignore}} {{ignore}} {{ignore}} version/idstring: {{version_id_string}}
{{ignore}} {{ignore}} {{ignore}} {{ignore}} algos:{{key_algos}} server key:{{key_type}}
"""

parser = ttp(data=data_to_parse, template=ttp_template)
parser.parse()

# print result in JSON format
results = parser.result(format='json')[0]
# print(results)

result = json.loads(results)

# print(result)

for i in result:
    print(i["key_algos"])
    print(i["key_type"])
    print(i["version_id_string"])

The output is:

['diffie-hellman-group14-sha1']
['ssh-rsa']
SSH-2.0-ConfD-4.3.11.4

Answer 4

With the 3 lines of sample data from the original question in a file, one could take this approach:

import re

with open('ssh.log') as sshlog:
    for line in map(str.strip, sshlog):
        _, _, _, kw, *rem = line.split()
        match kw:
            case 'Remote':
                print(f'ID string = {rem[-1]}')
            case 'kex':
                m = re.findall("(?<=\[').+?(?='\])", line)
                print(f'algos = {m[0]}')
                print(f'type = {m[1]}')
            case _:
                pass

The assumption here is that only lines with either of the keywords 'Remote' or 'kex' are of interest.

Output:

ID string = SSH-2.0-ConfD-4.3.11.4
algos = diffie-hellman-group14-sha1
type = ssh-rsa