从 Javascript 中的 base64 字符串获取 MIME 类型和扩展名

Question

I have a base64 string like this:

JVBERi0xLjUNJeLjz9MNCjEwNzYgMCBvYmoNPDwvTGluZWFyaXplZCAxL0wgMjE0MDcyL08gMTA3OC9FIDE4ODA0OS9OIDgvVCAyMTM2NTAvSCBbIDUwMiAyMzNdPj4NZW5kb2JqDSAgICAgICAgICAgDQoxMDkyIDAgb2JqDTw8L0RlY29kZVBhcm1zPDwvQ29sdW1ucyA1L1ByZWRpY3RvciAxMj4+L0ZpbHRlci9GbGF0ZURlY29kZS9JRFs8NjU2QTUwQkZGRjE4Q0I0QzgyNDQ1N0QwOTcxN0NGRUQ+PDJDMDgyNjNGMzczNDUxNENCMUZERjE1RkQ5RjgxMEM0Pl0vSW5kZXhb...etc...

Is it possible to decode it and get MIME type and extension from it? I know a way using magic numbers, mentioned in the top comment here: How to get MIME-TYPE from Base 64 String?

But in my app, user can upload any type of file he wants, so what should I do?

For example, this page decodes base64 string and returns both extension and MIME type, so I know it's possible:https: //base64.guru/converter/decode/file

Answer 1

On the front end, capture the mime type of the file chosen to be uploaded by the user( it's a property of a file object ) and include the mime type in the upload (fetch, axios, formdata, post, whatever) sent to the server.

Answer 2

To illustrate @traktor solution....

OP notes that it's not possible to upload additional metadata like mime type, yet that is not necessary because the mime type is already included in the base64 string that is generated.

Example output:

data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOEA...
data:text/plain;base64,ZXlKamIyMXRaVzUwY3lJNlczc2l...
data:text/html;base64,PCFkb2N0eXBlIGh0bWw+DQo8aHRt...
data:application/pdf;base64,JVBERi0xLjcKCjQgMCBvYm...
data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument...

Run the code snippet to try:

 upload.onchange = function(e) { for (var f of e.target.files) { const reader = new FileReader(); reader.readAsDataURL(f); reader.onload = () => console.log(reader.result.substring(0, 50) + "..."); } }

 Select multiple file types for upload:<br/> <input type="file" multiple="true" id="upload">