从文件到字典的 Python 列表

Question

I have a file of notes that im trying to convert to a dictionary. I got the script working but failed to output the data im looking for when there are repeated values.

In short took the file commands or comments which are separated by # as per below. I take that list and seperate the 1st column "key" by # and the rest is the comment or definition. Then i check the magic word im looking for, parse it match it and then to out.

Flashcards file as per below

> car # automobile 4 wheels and run 
> washington dc # the capital of United States 
> fedora # an operating distro
> cat file  # reads the file 
> car nissan # altima
> car nissan # altima ## first car 
> car nissan # maxima
> car nissan # rougue



flashcard_dict = dict()
flashcard_file = open('FlashCards','r')

enter = input("Searching nemo: ")


firstcolumn_str_list = list()

for x in flashcard_file:
    flashcard_sprint = x.strip()

    flascard_clean = flashcard_sprint.split("#",1)
    firstcolumn_str = flascard_clean[0]
    firstcolumn = firstcolumn_str.strip()
    firstcolumn_str_list.append(firstcolumn)
    secondcolumn = flascard_clean[1]

    flashcard_dict[firstcolumn] = secondcolumn


print
print ("###" * 3)



lista = list()
# this is version 4 - where lambda works but fails as it matches the string in all words.
# so if the word is "es"  all patterns are matched that has "es" AND NOT the specific word

filter_object = filter(lambda a: enter in a, firstcolumn_str_list)
for x in filter_object:
    lista.append(x)


print (lista)

cc = 0 
if cc < len(lista):
    for lambdatodictmatch in lista:

        if lambdatodictmatch in flashcard_dict:
            print (flashcard_dict[lambdatodictmatch])
        else:
            print ("NONEsense... nothing here")

else: 
    print ("NONEsense... nothing here")

Again it works but when i search for car nissan. I get four responses but i only get the last "rougue" output or i get 4 repeated response "rougue".

what's the best way to accomplish this?

Answer 1

If you may have repeated elements then you should always use lists to keep even single value

if firstcolumn not in flashcard_dict: 
    flashcard_dict[firstcolumn] = []

firstcolumn[firstcolumn].append(secondcolumn)

instead of

flashcard_dict[firstcolumn] = secondcolumn

---

EDIT:

Full working code with other changes

• first I used shorter and more readable names for variables,
• I read file at start and later use loop to ask for different cards.
• I added command !keys to display all keys, and !exit to exit loop and finish program,
• list(sorted(flashcards.keys())) gives all keys from dictionary without repeating values (and sorted)

I used io only to simulate file in memory - so everyone can simply copy and run this code (without creating file FlashCards ) but you should use open(...)

text = '''car # automobile 4 wheels and run 
washington dc # the capital of United States 
fedora # an operating distro
cat file  # reads the file 
car nissan # altima
car nissan # altima ## first car 
car nissan # maxima
car nissan # rougue
'''

import io

# --- constansts --- 

DEBUG = True

# --- functions ---

def read_data(filename='FlashCards'):

    if DEBUG:
        print('[DEBUG] reading file')
    
    flashcards = dict()  # with `s` at the end because it keeps many flashcards
    #file_handler = open(filename)
    file_handler = io.StringIO(text)
    
    for line in file_handler:
        line = line.strip()
    
        parts = line.split("#", 1)
        
        key   = parts[0].strip()
        value = parts[1].strip()
    
        if key not in flashcards:
            flashcards[key] = []
            
        flashcards[key].append(value)
        
    all_keys = list(sorted(flashcards.keys()))

    return flashcards, all_keys

# --- main ---

# - before loop -

# because words `key` and `keys` are very similar and it is easy to make mistake in code - so I added prefix `all_`
flashcards, all_keys = read_data()
    
print("#########")

# - loop -

while True:
    print() # empty line to make output more readable
    enter = input("Searching nemo (or command: !keys, !exit): ").strip().lower()
    print() # empty line to make output more readable

    if enter == '!exit':
        break
    
    elif enter == '!keys':
        #print( "\n".join(all_keys) )
        for key in all_keys:
            print('key>', key)
    
    elif enter.startswith('!'):
        print('unknown command:', enter)
        
    else:
        # keys which have `enter` only at 
        #selected_keys = list(filter(lambda text: text.startswith(enter), all_keys))
        
        # keys which have `enter` in any place (at the beginning, in the middle, at the end)
        selected_keys = list(filter(lambda text: enter in text, all_keys))
        
        print('selected_keys:', selected_keys)
        
        if selected_keys:  # instead of `0 < len(selected_keys)`
            for key in selected_keys:
                # `selected_keys` has to exist in `flashcards` so there is no need to check if `key` exists in `flashcards`

                print(key, '=>', flashcards[key])
        else: 
            print("NONEsense... nothing here")
        
# - after loop -

print('bye')