cpabe 0.11：添加符号时出错：命令行中缺少 DSO

Question

The cpabe library, implemented in C, has two components, the cpabe main source and libbswabe library which acts as a dependency. Both of which can be found here

The libbswabe library installed well enough, however, while making the cpabe source. the following occured

gcc -o cpabe-setup setup.o common.o -O3 -Wall -lglib-2.0 -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib -lgmp -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib -lpbc -lbswabe -lcrypto -lcrypto 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib/libpbc.so: undefined reference to symbol '__gmpz_clear'
/usr/bin/ld: /lib/libgmp.so.3: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:34: cpabe-setup] Error 1

My system is an Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, and I have PBC and all the neccessary dependencies installed. However, I am quite new to this configure , make , sudo make install thing. So I need to know what I did wrong.

Answer 1

You putted -lpbc after -lgmp. The order is important, put -lgmp after -lpbc.

If you have library a that depends on library b then the order must be -la -lb.

Answer 2

You can use some of these two repositories:

https://github.com/GD14/cpabe

https://github.com/rkuma013/Bethencourt_CPABE

They have a better updated code than cpabe-0.11...

And you can edit to Makefile after./configure execution and change order lines about -lgmp and -lpbc (how to Harkaitz showed), where: From: -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib -lgmp
-Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib -lpbc \

->To this order:

    -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib -lpbc \
    -Wl,-rpath /usr/local/lib -lgmp \

The make and make install commands will work OK.