使用字典与嵌套列表/数组的优缺点是什么？

Question

In Python, dictionaries are used for key/value pairs. Nested lists, or arrays, however, can do the same thing with two-value lists inside a big list.

Arrays have more uses, but dictionaries are more straightforward. What are the pros and cons of using a dictionary versus an array?

Answer 1

If you use a list of key/value pairs, getting the value corresponding to a key requires a linear search, which is O(n). If the list is sorted by the keys you can improve that to O(log n), but then adding to the list becomes more complicated and expensive since you have to keep it sorted.

Dictionaries are implemented as hash tables, so getting the value corresponding to a key is amortized constant time.

Furthermore, Python provides convenient syntax for looking up keys in a dictionary. You can write dictname[key] . Since lists aren't intended to be used as lookup tables, there's no corresponding syntax for finding a value by key there. listname[index] gets an element by its numeric position, not looking up the key in a key/value pair.

Of course, if you want to use an association list, there's nothing stopping you from writing your own functions to do so. You could also embed them in a class and define appropriate methods so you can use [] syntax to get and set them.