如果应该使用列表或变量调用模块，如何在 Python 中调用模块的函数？

Question

I have a module, in the module is a subcomponent which contains a multitude of functions. I need to iterate through a list of names which contains the names of the modules and call the functions. this does not work, "because module has no attribute list". How do I make list[x] callable as a subcomponent of module instead of "list" the name.

file 1:

def x():
   print('x')

def y():
   print('y')

def z():
   print('z')

file 2:

import module # containing functions x(),y(),z()
list = ['x','y','z']
for x in list:
   module.list[x]()

Answer 1

Try getattr() :

import module

lst = ["x", "y", "z"]

for item in lst:
    getattr(module, item)()

Prints:

<function x at 0x7f2c56129e50>
<function y at 0x7f2c56129f70>
<function z at 0x7f2c560e4c10>

Answer 2

You can use getattr to access to the "content" of the module.

Using dir to "introspect" the content of the module:

import my_module

func_names = ['x','y','z']
callable_funcs = []

for stuffs in dir(my_module):
    if stuff in func_names:
        callable_funcs.append(getattr(my_module, stuff))

# make a dictionary
funcs = dict(zip(func_names, callable_funcs))

# usage
x = funcs['x']
print(x())

---

Another way using getattr and hasattr :

import my_module

func_names = ['x','y','z']
callable_funcs = []

for f_name in func_names:
    if hasattr(my_module, f_name):
        callable_funcs.append(getattr(my_module, f_name))

# make a dictionary
funcs = dict(zip(func_names, callable_funcs))

# usage
x = funcs['x']
print(x())

It can be done also using a dictionary comprehension:

import my_module

func_names = ['x','y','z']

funcs = {f_name: getattr(my_module, f_name) for f_name in func_names if hasattr(my_module, f_name)}

Answer 3

Why don't you just store the functions in the list?

>>> def x():
...     print("x")
... 
>>> def y():
...     print("y")
... 
>>> functions = [x, y]
>>> for f in functions:
...     f()
... 
x
y
>>>